Real Estate Prices, Borrowing

Real Estate Prices, Borrowing Constraints and Business Cycles -A Study of the Japanese Economy This file is part of IDEAS , which uses RePEc data [ Papers | Articles | Software | Books | Chapters | Authors | Institutions | JEL Classification | NEP reports | Search | New papers by email | Author registration | Rankings | Volunteers | FAQ | Help! ] Real Estate Prices, Borrowing Constraints and Business Cycles -A Study of the Japanese Economy Author info | Abstract | Publisher info | Download info | Related research | Statistics Author Info Suparna Chakraborty (University of Minnesota & Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis) Additional information is available for the following registered author(s): Suparna Chakraborty Abstract This paper investigates the causes of business cycle fluctuations that Japan experienced over the period 1980 to 2000. To this end, I build a dynamic general equilibrium model with endogenous borrowing constraints where business cycle fluctuations are the result of TFP fluctuations and investment frictions. I identify land tax changes since 1984 as a possible source of investment frictions, the idea being that given a strong preference for debt-financing and widespread use of land as collateral in Japan, land tax changes will cause fluctuations in land price that can potentially affect output and investment by affecting borrowing capacity of firms. Calibrating the model using Japanese data and feeding in observed TFP and land taxes one by one and in unison, I find that TFP and land tax fluctuations can significantly account for observed fluctuations in output, but cannot account for land price fluctuations unless agents expect land tax changes to be permanent. I further identify redistribution of land holding between commercial and residential uses in response to land tax and TFP changes as an important channel through which the effect of these external fluctuations on output gets amplified. Observed data of land use in Japan provides evidence of such redistribution. Download Info To download: If you experience problems downloading a file, check if you have theproper application toview it first. Information about this may be containedin the File-Format links below. In case of further problems read the IDEAS helpfile . Note that these files are not on the IDEASsite. Please be patient as the files may be large. File URL: http://econwpa.wustl.edu:80/eps/mac/papers/0504/0504012.pdf File Format: application/pdf File Function: Download Restriction: no Publisher Info Paper provided by Economics Working Paper Archive EconWPA in its series Macroeconomics with number 0504012. Download reference. The following formats are available: HTML , plain text , BibTeX , RIS , ReDIF Length: 60 pages Date of creation: 06 Apr 2005 Date of revision: Handle: RePEc:wpa:wuwpma:0504012 Keywords: Real estate, borrowing constraint, business cycle, japan Note: Type of Document - pdf; pages: 60 Contact details of provider: Web page: http://econwpa.wustl.edu Order Information: For technical questions: (EconWPA). Related research Other versions of this item: Find related papers by JEL classification: E - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports : NEP-ALL-2005-04-17 (All new papers) NEP-MAC-2005-04-20 (Macroeconomics) NEP-SEA-2005-04-18 (South East Asia) NEP-URE-2005-05-02 (Urban & Real Estate Economics) References listed on IDEAS Please report citation or reference errors to : Carlstrom, Charles T & Fuerst, Timothy S, 1997." Agency Costs, Net Worth, and Business Fluctuations: A Computable General Equilibrium Analysis ," American Economic Review ,American Economic Association, vol. 87(5), pages 893-910. [Downloadable!] Other versions: Charles T. Carlstrom & Timothy S. Fuerst, 1996." Agency costs, net worth, and business fluctuations: a computable general equilibrium analysis ," Working Paper 9602, Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland. [Downloadable!] Ryo Kato, 2002." Matlab code for the Carlstrom-Fuerst AER (1997) model ," QM&RBC Codes 112, Quantitative Macroeconomics & Real Business Cycles. [Downloadable!] V. V. Chari & Patrick J. Kehoe & Ellen R. McGrattan, 2002." Accounting for the Great Depression ," Working Papers 619, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. [Downloadable!] Other versions: V. V. Chari & Patrick J. Kehoe & Ellen R. McGrattan, 2003." Accounting for the Great Depression ," Quarterly Review ,Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, issue Spr. [Downloadable!] V. V. Chari & Patrick J. Kehoe & Ellen R. McGrattan, 2002." Accounting for the Great Depression ," American Economic Review ,American Economic Association, vol. 92(2), pages 22-27. [Downloadable!] Dekle, Robert & Kletzer, Kenneth, 2003." The Japanese banking crisis and economic growth: Theoretical and empirical implications of deposit guarantees and weak financial regulation ," Journal of the Japanese and International Economies ,Elsevier, vol. 17(3), pages 305-335. [Downloadable!] Other versions: Robert Dekle & Kenneth Kletzer, 2003." The Japanese Banking Crisis and Economic Growth: Theoretical and Empirical Implications of Deposit Guarantees and Weak Financial Regulation ," Santa Cruz Center for International Economics, Working Paper Series 1002, Center for International Economics, UC Santa Cruz. [Downloadable!] Robert Dekle & Kenneth Kletzer, 2003." The Japanese Banking Crisis and Economic Growth: Theoretical and Empirical Implications of Deposit Guarantees and Weak Financial Regulation ," CIRJE F-Series CIRJE-F-225, CIRJE, Faculty of Economics, University of Tokyo. [Downloadable!] Bernanke, Ben & Gertler, Mark, 1989." Agency Costs, Net Worth, and Business Fluctuations ," American Economic Review ,American Economic Association, vol. 79(1), pages 14-31. [Downloadable!] Pedro Amaral & James C. MacGee, 2002." The Great Depression in Canada and the United States: A Neoclassical Perspective ," Review of Economic Dynamics ,Academic Press for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 5(1), pages 45-72. [Downloadable!] Other versions: Pedro Amaral & James Macgee, 2002." Data Appendix to The Great Depression in Canada and the United States: A Neoclassical Perspective ," Technical Appendices amaral02, Review of Economic Dynamics. [Downloadable!] Michael D. Bordo & Christopher J. Erceg & Charles L. Evans, 1997." Money, sticky wages, and the great depression ," International Finance Discussion Papers 591, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.). [Downloadable!] Burnside, Craig & Eichenbaum, Martin & Rebelo, Sergio, 1993." Labor Hoarding and the Business Cycle ," Journal of Political Economy ,University of Chicago Press, vol. 101(2), pages 245-73. [Downloadable!] Other versions: Craig Burnside & Martin Eichenbaum & Sergio Rebelo, 1993." Labor Hoarding and the Business Cycle ," NBER Working Papers 3556, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] Michael D. Bordo & Christopher J. Erceg & Charles L. Evans, 1997." Money, sticky wages, and the Great Depression ," Working Paper Series, Macroeconomic Issues WP-97-2, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago. [Downloadable!] Ben Bernanke & Mark Gertler, 1987." Financial Fragility and Economic Performance ," NBER Working Papers 2318, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] Other versions: Bernanke, Ben & Gertler, Mark, 1990." Financial Fragility and Economic Performance ," The Quarterly Journal of Economics ,MIT Press, vol. 105(1), pages 87-114. [Downloadable!] Takeo Hoshi & Anil Kashyap, 1999." The Japanese Banking Crisis: Where Did It Come From and How Will It End? ," NBER Working Papers 7250, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] Woo, David, 1999." In Search of "Capital Crunch" - Supply Factors Behind the Credit Slowdown in Japan ," IMF Working Papers 99/3, International Monetary Fund. [Downloadable!] McGrattan, Ellen R., 1996." Solving the stochastic growth model with a finite element method ," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control ,Elsevier, vol. 20(1-3), pages 19-42. [Downloadable!] Other versions: Ellen R. McGrattan, 1993." Solving the stochastic growth model with a finite element method ," Staff Report 164, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. [Downloadable!] Bernanke, B. & Gertler, M., 1995." Inside the Black Box: The Credit Channel of Monetary Policy Transmission ," Working Papers 95-15, C.V. Starr Center for Applied Economics, New York University. Other versions: Ben S. Bernanke & Mark Gertler, 1995." Inside the Black Box: The Credit Channel of Monetary Policy Transmission ," NBER Working Papers 5146, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] Bernanke, Ben S & Gertler, Mark, 1995." Inside the Black Box: The Credit Channel of Monetary Policy Transmission ," Journal of Economic Perspectives ,American Economic Association, vol. 9(4), pages 27-48. [Downloadable!] Harold L. Cole & Lee E. Ohanian, 1999." The Great Depression in the United States from a neoclassical perspective ," Quarterly Review ,Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, issue Win, pages 2-24. [Downloadable!] Backus, David K & Kehoe, Patrick J & Kydland, Finn E, 1992." International Real Business Cycles ," Journal of Political Economy ,University of Chicago Press, vol. 100(4), pages 745-75. [Downloadable!] Other versions: David K. Backus & Patrick J. Kehoe & Finn E. Kydland, 1991." International real business cycles ," Staff Report 146, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. [Downloadable!] Nobuhiro Kiyotaki & John Moore, 1995." Credit Cycles ," NBER Working Papers 5083, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] repec:fip:fedmqr:y:1999:i:wint:p:2-24:n:v.23no.1 is not listed on IDEAS anymore repec:nbr:nberre:1794 is not listed on IDEAS anymore Michael D. Bordo & Christopher J. Erceg & Charles N. Evans, 1997." Money, Sticky Wages, and the Great Depression ," NBER Working Papers 6071, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] Fullreferences Statistics Access and download statistics Did you know? About 450 journals are listed on RePEc . This page was last updated on 2005-12-27. This information is provided to you by IDEAS at UConn Economics using RePEc data

Home Loans To find

Home Loans Friday, 30.12.2005 Ways of Banking Ways to pay Loans Credit Cards Transaction Accounts Savings Accounts Investments Foreign Currency Service Fees Rebates More Information Search this site Go | BNZ Home | Site Map | Terms & Conditions | Contact Us | Rates & Fees | Careers | Home Loans To find out about the Interest Rates, Service Fees, Account Fee Rebates for our Home Loans just select the option you prefer below: Classic Home Loan Interest Rate Standard, Fly Buys, GlobalPlus Home Loans and Packaged Offers Interest Rates Service Fees Rebates All interest rates are current as at the dates shown below and are subject to change without notice. Classic Home Loan Interest Rate Fixed Rates  (Tailored and Standard Home Loans) Current % p.a. Effective from (new loans) Term 8.45* 28 November 2005 6 Month 8.45* 28 November 2005 1 Year 8.25* 12 December 2005 2 Years 8.15* 28 November 2005 3 Years 8.05* 28 November 2005 4 Years 7.90* 12 December 2005 5 Years 7.85* 12 December 2005 7 Years *Rate applies to Classic Home Loans only. Excludes Fly Buys, GlobalPlus Home Loans and packaged offers. Classic Home Loan fixed rate rolls onto our standard variable rate. All interest rates are current as at the dates shown below and are subject to change without notice. Standard, Fly Buys, GlobalPlus Home Loans and Packaged Offers Interest Rates Fixed Rates  (Tailored and Standard Home Loans) Current % p.a. Effective from (new loans) Term 8.55 28 November 2005 6 months 8.55 28 November 2005 1 year 8.35 12 December 2005 2 years 8.25 28 November 2005 3 years 8.15 28 November 2005 4 years 8.00 12 December 2005 5 years 7.95 12 December 2005 7 years Variable Rates  (Tailored, Standard, Rapid Repay, Mortgage One Home Loans) Current % p.a. Effective from (new loans) Effective from (existing loans) Loan type 9.55 16 December 2005 30 December 2005 Tailored/Standard 9.55 16 December 2005 16 December 2005 Rapid Repay 9.80 16 December 2005 16 December 2005 Mortgage One back to top Please note that Account Fees may be charged in addition to Service Fees and that all fees are subject to change without notice. Service Fees Type of Service Fee Loans they apply to Charge for service Establishment Fee** Residential owner occupied Home Loans $250 Establishment Fee** (includes switching to GlobalPlus) GlobalPlus $250 Top Up Fee, Rollover Fee, Re-draw (Standard Home Loans) All Home Loans (Excluding GlobalPlus) None Top Up Fee, Rollover Fee (Global Plus Home Loans) GlobalPlus $150 Re-draw Fee All Global Plus Home Loans $25 Account Fees for Rapid Repay Home Loan  Account Fee Rebates may apply³ Monthly¹ Base Fee Rapid Repay Home Loan $3.50 BNZ Internet Banking † Rapid Repay Home Loan 25 cents Service Fees may apply Electronic transactions: EFTPOS, Bill Payments, Direct Credits, Direct Debits, Telephone Banking†, self service transactions Rapid Repay Home Loan 35 cents Service Fees may apply Automatic Payments² Rapid Repay Home Loan 50 cents Service Fees may apply ATM † Rapid Repay Home Loan 50 cents Service Fees may apply Cheques Written Rapid Repay Home Loan 65 cents Freepost Deposits Rapid Repay Home Loan 65 cents Branch/Staff Assisted transactions Rapid Repay Home Loan $1.25 Service Fees may apply Express Deposit Tower deposits Rapid Repay Home Loan $1.25 Customer Account Fee Rebates Rapid Repay accounts are eligible for monthly Account Fee Rebates on account transaction fees, monthly base fee, overdraft facility fee and Telephone Banking call charges. The monthly Customer Account Fee Rebate is determined by the average daily Group Balance for the month, as follows: Rebates Group Balances 100% of Account Fees rebated each month to a maximum of: Less than $25,000 $0.00 $25,000 - $49,999 $5.00 $50,000 - $74,999 $10.00 $75,000 - $99,999 $15.00 $100,000 - $124,999 $20.00 $125,000 - $149,999 $25.00 $150,000 - $299,999 $30.00 $300,000 or more $40.00 Our usual Service Fees are not included in the Customer Account Fee Rebates. If you have more than one Rapid Repay transaction account under the same base number then the account with the highest fees accrued will automatically receive the rebate (unless you nominate a specific suffix) To find out more about Home Loans click here . For further information including terms and conditions please send us an email  or call us free on  0800 ASK BNZ  (0800 275 269).  back to top 1. Fees are charged on the last business day of each calender month and are based on the period between the last business day of the previous calender month and the second to last business day of the current month, inclusive. 2. Automatic Payments into your account from other parties are classed as Electronic Transactions. 3.  Our usual Service Fees apply and are not included in the Account Fee rebate.  † Although the Telephone and Internet Banking and ATM services will normally be available 24 hours a day, maintenance of the system is required from time to time.  Accordingly, certain options may not be available for an average of three hours a week.  This maintenance, however will be carried out at times which will cause the least disruption to you. ** For all home loans involving investment properties, family trusts and companies an establishment fee of up to 1% of the loan amount applies. © Bank of New Zealand 2001. 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Buy Home

FCIC: HUD Home Buying Guide Return to Federal Citizen Information Center Home Page Printer-friendly page -- U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development THE HUD HOME BUYING GUIDE www.hud.gov espanol.hud.gov YOUR DREAM HOME COULD BE A HUD HOME. OWNING A HOME OF YOUR OWN. Almost everybody has a dream home. A place they like to wander through in their thoughts, choosing imaginary wallpaper and putting in imaginary skylights. But for too many people, dream homes remain just thatdreams. The reality of owning their own home never seems to become theirs. Thats where the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) comes into the picture. HUD is a government agency created to help make the American dream of homeownership a real possibility for everyone. Since 1934, HUDs Federal Housing Administration (FHA) has helped millions of Americans unlock the door to homeownership and have a home of their own. We do it by making homebuying easier and more affordable. One way we can do this is by selling homes HUD owns in many communities throughout the U.S., at attractive prices and economical terms. So that home youve been dreaming about just may be one you buy from HUD. But whether you decide on a HUD Home or not, you can use this guide to take you step by step through each stage of finding and buying your own home. HOW MUCH HOME CAN YOU AFFORD? Before you start shopping for a home, you need to know what kind of home to shop for. To determine that, of course, youve got to figure out how much you can afford to pay each month. Fortunately, theres a pretty simple formula for coming up with this number. Its the FHA formula that many mortgage lenders use. The FHA has found that most people can afford to budget 29 percent of their gross monthly income to housing expenses, depending on total debt. Buyers with no debt can budget as much as 41 percent of monthly income to housing. No need to reach for your calculatorweve done the math for you. The two charts on the opposite page should tell you everything you need to know. The first chart tells you how much 29 percent of your monthly income is. Find your annual income, or a figure close to it, in the column at the left. Then read across to find out howmuch yourmonthly gross income is, and finally,what 29 percent of that figureamounts to. This is approximately how much you can spend on total housing costs each month. The second chart tells you how much your monthly mortgage might be based on a homes selling price. Remember to keep in mind that the monthly figure from this second chart is based on a 30-year fixed mortgage and includes monthly principal and interest payments only. Taxes and insurance which vary from community to community are not included. So if 29 percent of your gross income is, say, $604, that doesnt mean you can pay a $604-per-month mortgage. You need to look at a mortgage somewhat below that, to leave room for taxes and insurance. Be sure to ask your lender to help you estimate how much your total costs will be. Annual Gross Income Monthly Gross Income 29% of Gross Income $15,000 $1,250 $363 20,000 1,667 483 25,000 2,083 604 30,000 2,500 725 35,000 2,917 846 40,000 3,333 967 45,000 3,750 1,088 50,000 4,167 1,208 MORTGAGE PAYMENT CALCULATOR. Monthly principal, interest payments for 30-year, fixed rate mortgage.Monthly taxes, insurance not included. COST 6% 6.5% 7% 7.5% 8% 8.5% 9% 9.5% 10% $25,000 $ 150 158 166 175 183 192 201 210 219 $30,000 $ 180 190 200 210 220 231 241 252 263 $40,000 $ 240 253 266 280 293 308 322 336 351 $50,000 $ 300 316 333 350 367 384 402 420 439 $60,000 $ 360 379 399 420 440 461 483 505 527 $70,000 $ 420 442 466 489 514 538 563 589 614 $80,000 $ 480 506 532 559 587 615 644 673 702 $90,000 $ 540 569 599 629 660 692 724 757 790 $100,000 $ 600 632 665 699 734 769 805 841 878 $110,000 $ 660 695 732 769 807 846 885 925 965 $120,000 $ 719 758 798 839 880 923 966 1,009 1,053 $130,000 $ 780 822 865 909 954 1,000 1,046 1,093 1,141 $140,000 $ 839 885 931 979 1,027 1,076 1,126 1,177 1,229 $150,000 $ 899 948 998 1,049 1,101 1,153 1,207 1,261 1,316 $160,000 $ 959 1,011 1,064 1,119 1,174 1,230 1,287 1,345 1,404 $170,000 $1,019 1,075 1,131 1,189 1,247 1,307 1,368 1,429 1,492 IT'S TIME TO STOP TALKING ABOUT IT AND BEGIN DOING SOMETHING ABOUT IT. HELP IS AVAILABLE. You will have lots of questions and countless issues to consider when you buy a home. You'll need someone that can help you through the process.Agood real estate agent is a good place to start. The quality of local schools, neighborhood safety, the number of children in the area, and traffic patterns are just a few of the issues to be considered in shopping for the right home. A real estate professional can be helpful in guiding you to the right source for facts and useful information. And all the financial details that can seem so mind-boggling to first-time home buyers are something the agent deals with every day. He or she will help you figure the price range you can afford, explain the different types of mortgages, guide you through the paperwork, and be there to answer last-minute questions when you sign the final papers at closing. If you're buying a HUD Home, you're required to use a real estate agent. While purchasing a HUD Home may be easier than many private real estate transactions, there are still some requirements which must be metcertain forms that must be used, and procedures that must be followed. But these requirements are clearly stated in advance, and the real estate agent will be there to help you through it all. There are no negotiations between buyer and seller when you buy a HUD Home. This can be a real advantage. There's no haggling about priceeverything is spelled out in black and white. What's more, your offer is responded to promptly, and if it's accepted, closing on the home usually will occur within 30-60 days. Finding a HUD-approved selling broker is not difficult, especially since so many real estate brokers are happy to sell HUD Homes. All you need to do is to call a few brokers who work in the area you're interested in and you'll find someone willing and experienced. Some brokers specifically advertise their desire to sell HUD Homes in the real estate sections of newspapers. Best of all, the valuable help you'll receive from the real estate agent is usually free! In most instances, agents get their sales commission from the home seller, not you, the buyer. Even if you're buying a HUD Home, HUD will pay the broker's commission. THERE'S A HUD HOME WITH YOUR NAME ON IT. Out of all the homes for sale in your area, there is likely to be one that has everything you want. The trick is simply to find it. Of course, your real estate agent can be a big help. But even the agent will need to know what your priorities are. Is a short commute important to you? Or are schools your biggest concern? How many bedrooms do you think you need? Before you begin looking at homes, try to decide in advance exactly what you want. This can save you and the agent a lot of time. It's a good idea to actually write down your wishes, and share the list with your agent. This is helpful because he or she will usually have lists of the properties for sale in your area, including all the HUD Homes. HUD Homes are listed in the local multiple listing service (MLS) and on the internet at www.hud.gov. A broker should have all the information you need. Almost any home you look atwill have room for improvement. But the more that needs to be done to a home, the less you're going to have to pay for it.HUDHomes, because they're sold in as-is condition, can often be a great, affordable opportunity for the fixer-upper. Many are in fine neighborhoods and offer outstanding values. And while some HUD Homes do qualify as handyman specials, many are in very good condition. HUD does not warrant the condition of its properties, butwill give you the information it has about the condition of the property you're interested in. You can use this information in formulating your bid. There's even a HUD loan program available called the 203(K), where buyers can borrow money to make repairs on some properties. You repay these funds later, as part of your mortgage. Just be aware that 203(K) funds aren't available for all houses in all areas. Ask the real estate agent you're working with about 203(K) availability in your area. BEGINNING TO MAKE IT YOUR OWN. Once you've found the home of your dreams, it's time to make an offer to buy it. Before deciding how much to offer, HUD urges you to get a professional home inspection. It can also be helpful to find out how long the home has been on the marketif it's been for sale awhile, the seller may be more willing to bargain. After you and the agent have prepared your offer, he or she will present it to the seller. It may be accepted or rejected, or the seller may counter your offer by asking for a higher price or by making changes in the sales contract. Making an offer to buy a HUD Home is often much easier than the process of buying a homeon the private market.Your bidwill be submitted electronically through a computer, a touchtone telephone or by real estate broker. The person making the highest acceptable bid is generally awarded that HUD Home. Offers for HUD Homes can only be made through a licensed real estate broker. This way, HUD requirements are met and buyers get the help they need. HUD will pay real estate commissions if the commission amount is requested as part of the bid. The initial listing price of each property is HUD's estimate of current fair market value and is based upon an appraisal conducted by an independent real estate appraiser. HUD may accept an offer that is less than the listing price, depending on market conditions and the length of time the property has been on the market. In some instances, buyers will offer more than the listing price if they believe the market conditions demand it or if the home is particularly appealing. It is important for buyers to be aware of the property values established by HUD and submit offers knowingly. You will generally make your offer for a HUD Home during a designated Listing Period. With the commencement of the Initial Listing Period, bids may be submitted by all potential purchasers. However, priority will be given to owner-occupant purchasers for the first 10 calendar days as follows: All owner-occupant offers received during the first five days of this10 day period will be considered to have been received simultaneously. On the first business day following the expiration of the five day period, owner-occupant bids are reviewed, at which point the highest acceptable net owner-occupant will be accepted. Should there be no acceptable owner-occupant bids, owner-occupant bids will be reviewed on a daily basis for the remaining five days. At each such daily review, HUD will accept the highest acceptable net owner-occupant bid. At the conclusion of the 10-day owner-occupant priority period, should the property remain unsold, a review of all general public bids (e.g. investor) received during the 10 day period will be conducted. Earnest money. When you make an offer on a home, the seller will usually require an earnest money deposit as proof that your offer is serious. If the offer is accepted, your earnest money deposit will become part of your down payment or closing costs. If your offer is rejected, the broker will return your earnest money to you. YOU'RE ALMOST HOME. DIFFERENT LOANS FOR DIFFERENT HOME BUYERS. Just as there is more than one kind of home, there is more than one way to finance it. Mortgage lenders have come up with many different methods of helping you pay for a home each one with its own advantages and disadvantages. First of all, you should know that HUD itself does not provide financing. You obtain financing through a bank or mortgage lender. Since many HUD Homes are eligible for FHA-insured mortgage loans, this can make financing easier to obtain. However, you are not required to get an FHA loan to buy a HUD Home. Fixed-Rate Mortgage. With a fixed-rate mortgage, your interest rate stays the same for the term of the mortgage, which is usually 30 years. Your principal and interest payment remains stable, making it easier to plan a monthly budget. However, initial interest rates tend to be higher than with other types of loans. Adjustable-Rate Mortgage. With an ARM, your interest rate and monthly payments start out lower than with a fixed-rate, but your rate and payments can change either up or down, depending on where interest rates in general are going. (If they're going up, your monthly payments will probably go up as well, sometimes significantly.) FHA-Insured Mortgage. In this type of loan, the Federal Government insures the lender against loss in case the home buyer defaults on the loan. This program was set up so that Americans who can't afford the 10 percent to 20 percent down payment required by most lenders can still buy a home. Many HUD Homes can be bought with FHA-insured mortgages, which allow you to purchase the home with a low down payment. You do not have to be a first-time buyer in order to qualify for an FHA loan. VA Loan.Under this program, the Department of Veterans Affairs guarantees the lender against loss. HUD Homes may be purchased with a VA loan or any other loan. Assumable or Non-Assumable. You may find a home with a mortgage loan you can assume from the previous owner. This means that the lender is willing to transfer the old loan on the home to you. These loans can be wonderful bargains, and the paperwork is usually not very complicated. Before you decide which loan is right for you, talk to your loan officer. You'll get information that will help you figure out which option best suits your needs. HUD BRINGS UP-FRONT COSTS DOWN. The costs of buying a home are more than just the price you agree to pay for it. Before you move in, you'll have to pay various charges, which we explain below. The good news is, with HUD Homes these costs may be lower than they are with other homes. DOWN PAYMENT. Most people know that a down payment is a percentage of the price of the home that must be paid up front, in cash. The typical downpayment is three percent and family members may give a gift to make up the balance of the downpayment. CLOSING COSTS. This term covers various fees your lender charges for providing your loan, and other expenses. Closing costs typically add up to about 3 percent or 4 percent of the price of your home, depending on where you purchase it. But when you buy a HUD Home, these costs may be picked up by HUD if this incentive is offered by HUD and if they are specifically requested, by dollar amount, in the bid offering. If you buy a HUD Home, HUD may pay many of your usual and customary closing expenses plus real estate sales commissions. Just remember that closing costs and sales commissions are deducted from the bid amount in making the decision as to which offer brings the greatest return to HUD. Since bidding is competitive, you may, in order to offer a more competitive bid, pay your own closing costs. This makes HUD's net return greater, making your bid more favorable and increasing the likelihood that HUD will accept your offer. COMMISSIONS. These are paid to the broker by the seller, and usually amount to 6% or 7% of the cost of the house.When you buy aHUDHome, the selling agent's commissions are usually paid by HUD. CHECKING IT OUT BEFORE YOU CHECK IN. Before you buy anything, you'll want to know exactly what it is you're getting. With something as important as your home, you can't know too much. That's why it's a good idea to get a professional inspection of your home even before you make the offer. HUD strongly urges every home buyer to get a professional inspection, whether you're buying a HUD Home or not. HUD Homes are sold in as-is condition. That means you agree, if you buy the home, to accept it in its present condition. HUD does not pay for the correction of defects in existing homes that it sells or on homes purchased with FHA-insured mortgages. The owner of the home will be responsible for needed repairs. Therefore, be sure of the condition of the home before you submit your offer. THE FINISH LINE. The day you finally close on your new home will probably be one of the most exciting in your life. Finally, the long, tedious process of finding a home and getting a loan is over, and by the time the day is done, you'll be the proud and happy owner of your new home. Before that day ends, you will be asked to sign a seemingly endless number of forms, but the closing agent will go over each one with you. It's all necessary, but you can make it a little easier by asking the real estate agent about it before the big day comes. Also, when you apply for your loan, your lender is required to give you a booklet explaining closing costs, an estimate of how much cash you'll have to supply at the closing, and a list of all the documents you'll need. If you have any questions, perhaps they are answered in the Q and A section that follows. If not, why not go straight to the phone right now, and call a real estate agent and ask about HUD Homes? It's a small, first step. But the journey could eventually end at the door to a home you call your own. Good luck and have fun! QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT HUD HOMES. What is a HUD Home? A HUD Home may be a single-family house, a townhome, condominium or other type of residence. The properties were deeded to HUD/FHA by mortgage companies who had foreclosed on FHA-insured mortgage loans. Now HUD must sell these homesas quickly as possible at market valuein order to obtain the maximum financial return on its mortgage insurance funds. Who can buy a HUD Home? Anyone who has the money or can qualify for the necessary amount of mortgage financing can purchase a HUD Home. You do not have to be low-income or meet any other such limitations. Can I get a HUD Home for free, or for one dollar? No. HUD acquires its properties through the foreclosure of FHA insured mortgages. One of HUD's many missions is to maximize return to the FHA insurance fund, which it does by selling the properties at fair market value. How do I buy a HUD Home? Our policy is to market acquired properties on a competitive basis with offers being submitted through any participating licensed real estate broker. Local brokers will assist you in the transaction. They can show the property to prospective buyers, as well as answer questions and provide information on the location of parks, schools, shopping, and employment centers. Are HUD Homes meant for low income people? HUD Homes come in a variety of price ranges, though most are affordably priced, making them accessible to low and moderate income Americans. What are the income requirements? If youmake a cash purchase, there are no income requirements. Otherwise, you must be able to qualify for a particular type of mortgage financing based on established mortgage lending criteria (see page 3). How does HUD decide how much to charge for a HUD Home? The listing price of a HUD property is a price based on the appraised value. Can investors purchase HUD Homes? Yes. However, HUD offers its properties to owner/occupants for a period before making them available to investors. What happens if I can't close the sale within the time permitted by HUD? You'll probably have to pay fees for an extension of time, usually in increments of 15 days. Is there any way for me to get advanced notice about homes that will be coming up for sale? No. HUD Homes are listed for sale in the local multiple listing service (MLS), the Internet at www.hud.gov or ask your broker. A WORD ABOUT LEAD-BASED PAINT. HUD and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have begun a nationwide effort to alert home buyers to the risk that older homes may contain lead-based paint. Lead exposure can be harmful to young children. If you are making an offer on a home constructed prior to 1978, you should receive a copy of the EPA pamphlet Protect Your Family from Lead in Your Home from your broker. You will be required to submit a lead-based paint addendum with your offer on the HUD Home. You will be given the opportunity to conduct a risk assessment or lead-based paint inspection (at your own expense) prior to being obligated under the contract. TERMS YOU NEED TO KNOW. Adjustable Rate Mortgage (ARM) . A type of mortgage rate loan whose interest rate changes periodically up or down, usually once or twice a year. Annual Percentage Rate (APR). Everything financed in your mortgage loan package (interest, loan fees, points or other charges) expressed as a percentage of the loan amount (usually slightly above the actual interest rate alone). Assumable Loan. A loan in which the lender is willing to transfer from the previous owner of the home to the new owner, sometimes at the same interest rate, sometimes at a new rate. An assumable loan can make your home more attractive to buyers when you want to sell. Closing Costs. Costs the buyer must pay at the time of closing in addition to the down payment: including points, mortgage insurance premium, homeowners insurance, prepayments for property taxes, etc. Closing costs average 3 percent -4 percent of the loan amount. If you're buying a HUD Home, you can request they be paid by HUD, if the sales incentive is offered. Contingency. A condition put on an offer to buy a home; such as the prospective buyer making an offer contingent on his or her sale of a present home. Conventional Mortgage. A type of mortgage not insured by either the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) or the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), and thus usually requiring a 10 percent - 20 percent down payment. (HUD Homes may be purchased with a conventional mortgage.) Earnest Money. Funds submitted with an offer to show good faith to follow through with the purchase. Earnest money is placed by the broker in an escrow/trust account until closing, when it becomes part of the down payment or closing costs. (HUD generally requires an earnest money deposit of $500-$2,000.) Escrow. A procedure in which documents or transfers of cash and property are put in the care of a third party, other than the buyer or seller. FHA Financing. Financing for a loan which will be insured against loss by the Federal Housing Administrationa part of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). Such financing allows for a lower down payment than required by most lenders. Homeowners Insurance. Insurance that protects the homeowner from casualty (losses or damage to the home or personal property) and from liability (damages to other people or property). Required by the lender and usually included in the monthly mortgage payment. Loan Origination Fee. A fee charged by the lender for evaluating, preparing, and submitting a proposed mortgage loan. Mortgage Insurance Premium (MIP). A charge paid by the borrower (usually as part of the closing costs) to obtain financing, especially when making a down payment of less than 20 percent of the purchase price, for example on an FHA-insured loan. Point. An amount equal to one percent of the principal amount being borrowed. The lender may charge the borrower several points in order to provide the loan. Property Taxes. Taxes (based on the assessed value of the home) paid by the homeowner for community services such as schools, public works, and other costs of local government. Paid as a part of the monthly mortgage payment. Title Insurance. Protects lenders and homeowners against loss of their interest in property due to legal defects in the title. VA Loan. A loan guaranteed by the Department of Veterans Affairs against loss to the lender, and made through a private lender. (HUD Homes may be purchased with a VA loan.) U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development Office of Single Family Housing 451 Seventh Street, SW Washington DC 20410-3000 August 2004 Return to Federal Citizen Information Center Home Page Printer-friendly page --

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