Real Estate Prices, Borrowing

Real Estate Prices, Borrowing Constraints and Business Cycles -A Study of the Japanese Economy This file is part of IDEAS , which uses RePEc data [ Papers | Articles | Software | Books | Chapters | Authors | Institutions | JEL Classification | NEP reports | Search | New papers by email | Author registration | Rankings | Volunteers | FAQ | Help! ] Real Estate Prices, Borrowing Constraints and Business Cycles -A Study of the Japanese Economy Author info | Abstract | Publisher info | Download info | Related research | Statistics Author Info Suparna Chakraborty (University of Minnesota & Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis) Additional information is available for the following registered author(s): Suparna Chakraborty Abstract This paper investigates the causes of business cycle fluctuations that Japan experienced over the period 1980 to 2000. To this end, I build a dynamic general equilibrium model with endogenous borrowing constraints where business cycle fluctuations are the result of TFP fluctuations and investment frictions. I identify land tax changes since 1984 as a possible source of investment frictions, the idea being that given a strong preference for debt-financing and widespread use of land as collateral in Japan, land tax changes will cause fluctuations in land price that can potentially affect output and investment by affecting borrowing capacity of firms. Calibrating the model using Japanese data and feeding in observed TFP and land taxes one by one and in unison, I find that TFP and land tax fluctuations can significantly account for observed fluctuations in output, but cannot account for land price fluctuations unless agents expect land tax changes to be permanent. I further identify redistribution of land holding between commercial and residential uses in response to land tax and TFP changes as an important channel through which the effect of these external fluctuations on output gets amplified. Observed data of land use in Japan provides evidence of such redistribution. Download Info To download: If you experience problems downloading a file, check if you have theproper application toview it first. Information about this may be containedin the File-Format links below. In case of further problems read the IDEAS helpfile . Note that these files are not on the IDEASsite. Please be patient as the files may be large. File URL: http://econwpa.wustl.edu:80/eps/mac/papers/0504/0504012.pdf File Format: application/pdf File Function: Download Restriction: no Publisher Info Paper provided by Economics Working Paper Archive EconWPA in its series Macroeconomics with number 0504012. Download reference. The following formats are available: HTML , plain text , BibTeX , RIS , ReDIF Length: 60 pages Date of creation: 06 Apr 2005 Date of revision: Handle: RePEc:wpa:wuwpma:0504012 Keywords: Real estate, borrowing constraint, business cycle, japan Note: Type of Document - pdf; pages: 60 Contact details of provider: Web page: http://econwpa.wustl.edu Order Information: For technical questions: (EconWPA). Related research Other versions of this item: Find related papers by JEL classification: E - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports : NEP-ALL-2005-04-17 (All new papers) NEP-MAC-2005-04-20 (Macroeconomics) NEP-SEA-2005-04-18 (South East Asia) NEP-URE-2005-05-02 (Urban & Real Estate Economics) References listed on IDEAS Please report citation or reference errors to : Carlstrom, Charles T & Fuerst, Timothy S, 1997." Agency Costs, Net Worth, and Business Fluctuations: A Computable General Equilibrium Analysis ," American Economic Review ,American Economic Association, vol. 87(5), pages 893-910. [Downloadable!] Other versions: Charles T. Carlstrom & Timothy S. Fuerst, 1996." Agency costs, net worth, and business fluctuations: a computable general equilibrium analysis ," Working Paper 9602, Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland. [Downloadable!] Ryo Kato, 2002." Matlab code for the Carlstrom-Fuerst AER (1997) model ," QM&RBC Codes 112, Quantitative Macroeconomics & Real Business Cycles. [Downloadable!] V. V. Chari & Patrick J. Kehoe & Ellen R. McGrattan, 2002." Accounting for the Great Depression ," Working Papers 619, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. [Downloadable!] Other versions: V. V. Chari & Patrick J. Kehoe & Ellen R. McGrattan, 2003." Accounting for the Great Depression ," Quarterly Review ,Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, issue Spr. [Downloadable!] V. V. Chari & Patrick J. Kehoe & Ellen R. McGrattan, 2002." Accounting for the Great Depression ," American Economic Review ,American Economic Association, vol. 92(2), pages 22-27. [Downloadable!] Dekle, Robert & Kletzer, Kenneth, 2003." The Japanese banking crisis and economic growth: Theoretical and empirical implications of deposit guarantees and weak financial regulation ," Journal of the Japanese and International Economies ,Elsevier, vol. 17(3), pages 305-335. [Downloadable!] Other versions: Robert Dekle & Kenneth Kletzer, 2003." The Japanese Banking Crisis and Economic Growth: Theoretical and Empirical Implications of Deposit Guarantees and Weak Financial Regulation ," Santa Cruz Center for International Economics, Working Paper Series 1002, Center for International Economics, UC Santa Cruz. [Downloadable!] Robert Dekle & Kenneth Kletzer, 2003." The Japanese Banking Crisis and Economic Growth: Theoretical and Empirical Implications of Deposit Guarantees and Weak Financial Regulation ," CIRJE F-Series CIRJE-F-225, CIRJE, Faculty of Economics, University of Tokyo. [Downloadable!] Bernanke, Ben & Gertler, Mark, 1989." Agency Costs, Net Worth, and Business Fluctuations ," American Economic Review ,American Economic Association, vol. 79(1), pages 14-31. [Downloadable!] Pedro Amaral & James C. MacGee, 2002." The Great Depression in Canada and the United States: A Neoclassical Perspective ," Review of Economic Dynamics ,Academic Press for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 5(1), pages 45-72. [Downloadable!] Other versions: Pedro Amaral & James Macgee, 2002." Data Appendix to The Great Depression in Canada and the United States: A Neoclassical Perspective ," Technical Appendices amaral02, Review of Economic Dynamics. [Downloadable!] Michael D. Bordo & Christopher J. Erceg & Charles L. Evans, 1997." Money, sticky wages, and the great depression ," International Finance Discussion Papers 591, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.). [Downloadable!] Burnside, Craig & Eichenbaum, Martin & Rebelo, Sergio, 1993." Labor Hoarding and the Business Cycle ," Journal of Political Economy ,University of Chicago Press, vol. 101(2), pages 245-73. [Downloadable!] Other versions: Craig Burnside & Martin Eichenbaum & Sergio Rebelo, 1993." Labor Hoarding and the Business Cycle ," NBER Working Papers 3556, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] Michael D. Bordo & Christopher J. Erceg & Charles L. Evans, 1997." Money, sticky wages, and the Great Depression ," Working Paper Series, Macroeconomic Issues WP-97-2, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago. [Downloadable!] Ben Bernanke & Mark Gertler, 1987." Financial Fragility and Economic Performance ," NBER Working Papers 2318, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] Other versions: Bernanke, Ben & Gertler, Mark, 1990." Financial Fragility and Economic Performance ," The Quarterly Journal of Economics ,MIT Press, vol. 105(1), pages 87-114. [Downloadable!] Takeo Hoshi & Anil Kashyap, 1999." The Japanese Banking Crisis: Where Did It Come From and How Will It End? ," NBER Working Papers 7250, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] Woo, David, 1999." In Search of "Capital Crunch" - Supply Factors Behind the Credit Slowdown in Japan ," IMF Working Papers 99/3, International Monetary Fund. [Downloadable!] McGrattan, Ellen R., 1996." Solving the stochastic growth model with a finite element method ," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control ,Elsevier, vol. 20(1-3), pages 19-42. [Downloadable!] Other versions: Ellen R. McGrattan, 1993." Solving the stochastic growth model with a finite element method ," Staff Report 164, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. [Downloadable!] Bernanke, B. & Gertler, M., 1995." Inside the Black Box: The Credit Channel of Monetary Policy Transmission ," Working Papers 95-15, C.V. Starr Center for Applied Economics, New York University. Other versions: Ben S. Bernanke & Mark Gertler, 1995." Inside the Black Box: The Credit Channel of Monetary Policy Transmission ," NBER Working Papers 5146, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] Bernanke, Ben S & Gertler, Mark, 1995." Inside the Black Box: The Credit Channel of Monetary Policy Transmission ," Journal of Economic Perspectives ,American Economic Association, vol. 9(4), pages 27-48. [Downloadable!] Harold L. Cole & Lee E. Ohanian, 1999." The Great Depression in the United States from a neoclassical perspective ," Quarterly Review ,Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, issue Win, pages 2-24. [Downloadable!] Backus, David K & Kehoe, Patrick J & Kydland, Finn E, 1992." International Real Business Cycles ," Journal of Political Economy ,University of Chicago Press, vol. 100(4), pages 745-75. [Downloadable!] Other versions: David K. Backus & Patrick J. Kehoe & Finn E. Kydland, 1991." International real business cycles ," Staff Report 146, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. [Downloadable!] Nobuhiro Kiyotaki & John Moore, 1995." Credit Cycles ," NBER Working Papers 5083, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] repec:fip:fedmqr:y:1999:i:wint:p:2-24:n:v.23no.1 is not listed on IDEAS anymore repec:nbr:nberre:1794 is not listed on IDEAS anymore Michael D. Bordo & Christopher J. Erceg & Charles N. Evans, 1997." Money, Sticky Wages, and the Great Depression ," NBER Working Papers 6071, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] Fullreferences Statistics Access and download statistics Did you know? About 450 journals are listed on RePEc . This page was last updated on 2005-12-27. This information is provided to you by IDEAS at UConn Economics using RePEc data

Buy house in the

The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Business Monday , October 21, 2002, Chandigarh, India THE TRIBUNE SPECIALS 50 YEARS OF INDEPENDENCE TERCENTENARY CELEBRATIONS B U S I N E S S Y O U R M O N E Y A GUIDE TO PERSONAL FINANCE REAL ESTATE Buy house in the colony developed by a coloniser I t is a misconception that the group-housing concept to provide affordable housing accommodation to the public at no-profit no-loss basis has failed in this region. Marginal success to the scheme is mainly attributed to the faulty policies of the government. Tips for buyers A word of caution MARKET SCAN Low response to good results D uring this fortnight corporate results announced so far for the quarter ended September 2002 were good and encouraging but the market response was low and unencouraging. Local residents look at an Italian-made "Pagani Zonda C12S" car in Guangzhou, Guangdong province, on Saturday. The car will be displayed at an auto show which starts on October 22 in Guangzhou. The car has an approximate value of 4 million Hong Kong Dollars ($500,000). Reuters EARLIER STORIES Disinvestment programme has come to a halt: Shourie October 20, 2002 Wipro net profit inches up 2 pc October 19, 2002 Ranbaxy net profit rockets 79 pc October 18, 2002 Disinvestment of A-I, IA ruled out October 17, 2002 SBI and ICICI among top 100 Asian banks October 16, 2002 Cotton output falls October 15, 2002 Gold does not glitter any more October 14, 2002 Deadlines for polluting firms may be extended October 13, 2002 Hughes Soft clocks 32 pc growth in net October 12, 2002 CHECK-OUT Get expensive items insured before mailing S ending an expensive Divali gift to someone special through speed post? Well, here is a note of warning: if the gift gets lost or damaged during transit, all you are entitled to as compensation is twice the amount of money that you have paid towards speed post charges. PREPARING FOR RETIREMENT Sun Life provides umbrella R isks are an integral part of human life. Events that occur in our daily lives indicate time and again that we must prepare ourselves to deal with these risks in a well-planned manner. One of the important precautionary measures stems from an insurance cover. Aims at building wealth Value for money Retirement benefits Flexi Save Endowment Plan FIIs net buyers in equities Inflation falls REAL ESTATE Buy house in the colony developed by a coloniser R. P. Malhotra I t is a misconception that the group-housing concept to provide affordable housing accommodation to the public at no-profit no-loss basis has failed in this region. Marginal success to the scheme is mainly attributed to the faulty policies of the government. For want of a foolproof process to register only the genuinely deserving members (end consumers) in the housing societies, the most of the members of these societies happen to be the speculators who have invested in the schemes for resale. Even the planners have not taken pains to study the demand factor while planning these housing projects as majority of these flats are of HIG category which are out of reach of the low budget buyers falling in the Rs 5-10 lakh slab. In Chandigarh, too, in the series of amendments to the existing building byelaws recently notified by the administration nothing has been done to the stringent conditions applicable to the transfer of property falling under the low budget category keeping the housing board flats/houses, nor transferable properties allotted on concessional rates and group-housing societies flats still forbidden for resale. Tips for buyers For the buyers intending to have a plot/house in these colonies, it is suggested to opt for only approved colonies. As per provisions of the Punjab Apartment Act any land owner, who wish to sell his property in parts as a residential colony, shall have to get the scheme approved from the local authority i.e., Local town planning Office by giving sample provisions for roads, parks, sewerage and water supply. A set percentage of land up to 35 per cent shall have to be left for these public utility services under this act. A word of caution Apart from this certain unscrupulous developers also illegally sell the land on GFA basis without leaving the prescribed area of land for common utility services thus creating unhealthy and inhabitable conditions for the habitats later on. Whereas plots are available @ Rs 2200 to Rs 2500 per square yard on inner roads and Rs 2500/- to Rs 3000/- per square yard on wider roads in approved colonies as compared to corresponding rate of 500/- and 1800/- per square yard in unapproved colonies. In addition to the deteriorated quality of life in the unapproved /unauthorised colonies there is permanent risk of demolition in case of departmental action. For a better community life the intending purchasers are suggested to constitute small group housing societies having members (as small as a group of ten people even less) from their own working circle. By pooling funds they can bargain with the coloniser for a fixed number of plots in one go and by entrusting the project to a single contractor they can save themselves from the construction hassles besides saving money on wholesale purchases. Sanctioning of loan cases will also be an easy process and the things can be processed on a single table. The buyers interested in going for built up flats/houses are also suggested to form small groups. Besides having a competitive bargain they can ask the developer/builder for their particular requirement for a block of houses/flats. Besides all this the intending buyers are advised to enquire from the promoter of the colony about the arrangements made for the supply of drinking water, provision for sewerage outlet, electric supply, width of roads and size of parks before going for a bargain. While selecting for the location of colony, care should be taken not to go for a location just on the main road, near the railway line and near the sewerage drain to avoid noise and pollution. Preference should be given to a colony having close proximity to the main road a school and a dispensary. Before going for a builders house/flat one must thoroughly study the technical blue prints and brochures of the builder. It is most important to ascertain what the builder is going to offer you in turn of your money. Various fittings, fixtures, facilities and services listed in the brochure may not turn out to be value-added services/items later while taking over the possession of the unit. One must also get conversant about the deceptive terminologies, such as of carpet area, covered area, plinth area and super area, being normally used by the builders. For example carpet area i.e. exact usable area is about 35-40% less than the supper area. Major details such as quality of material to be used type of flooring, type of joinery and quality of timber to be used and kind and variety of paint polish etc must also be ascertained and taken into writing before going for to bargain. Proper and effective arrangements of future maintenance of the area such as is roads sewerage water supply electricity and other civic services of the colony after the same is handed over to the occupiers should also be ensured before striking a deaf. Usually such bargains are struck on self-financing basis i.e., the buyers pay the builder in installments as the construction of the project progress through various stages. It becomes the foremost duty of the buyer to visit and supervise the construction activity of the entire project at different stages so as to ensure proper quality and workmanship. Notwithstanding anything contained in the one-sided agreement to purchase, executed between the buyer and the builder, the buyer is protected under the consumer protection act. Still the purchasers are advised to have an expert opinion before signing any of such agreements. cr MARKET SCAN Low response to good results J.C. Anand D uring this fortnight corporate results announced so far for the quarter ended September 2002 were good and encouraging but the market response was low and unencouraging. According to an analysis made by Business Standard, so far 116 companies have announced their results which indicate a growth of 15.06 per cent in sales and 34.42 per cent rise in net profits. The growth profit margin of these 116 companies has increased from 17.03 per cent to 19.86 per cent during the quarter, yet the Sensex has moved only by 2.41 per cent (71 points) during this quarter. Infosys Technologys second quarter results were higher than the markets expectations. It reported 16.1 per cent rise in software revenue with a net profit higher by 12.01 per cent. EPS is estimated at Rs 141 Rs 144, almost the same as in the first quarter. The company expects to have good growth rate in revenues for the third quarter. HDFC announced a bonus issue of one equity share for every share held and reported 21 per cent rise in net profit for the send quarter. FIIs also increased their holdings in software stock comprising Infosys, Mestak, Digital, Global Profit. Ranbaxys third quarter net profit was higher by 79 per cent. A large part of its sales and profitability came from exports. Hero Honda also reported excellent results for this quarter. Jai Bharat Marutis second quarter results indicate that its net profit has gone up to Rs 65.60 lakhs as against Rs 18.42 lakh for the corresponding period last year. Another good news was the AV Birla Groups announcement to buy Larson & Tubros share at Rs 190 per share from the open market, even though the open offer price was much lower than the market expectation. It is unlikely that the Birla Group will be able to collect the share at this price to push up their stake in the company from 14.9 per cent to about 35 per cent as it had announced its intention at the time of the open up. The UTI and financial institutions are unlikely to accept this offer as it is far lower than the price at which Birla Group had purchased Larson and Tubro shares from Reliance. I am of the view that those investors who hold Larson and Tubro shares should not sell it in the market at the open offer rate for the very fact that Birla Group is interested in acquiring management control of this company pushes up the market rating of this share. Even otherwise, Larson & Tubro is Indias top engineering and cement company in the private sector and its construction business is doing extremely well with a lot of fresh orders from India as well as from foreign countries. Another good news is that the Index of Industrial Production (IIP) indicates a growth rate of 5.7 per cent in the general index, though the growth rate in manufacturing is at 5.9 per cent and in capital goods at 10 per cent. India has also recorded a surplus in its current account for the first time in 24 years. The market response to the good corporate results and other welcome news has only been tepid. This is partially due to the fact that the date traders are anxious to book profit at the earliest. It is also possible that the market does not expect equally good results from those companies which have yet to report their second quarter results. Perhaps the more basic reason is that the market is worried about the state of our economy. Apart from S&Ps rating about the national currency, the drought caused by erratic and deficient monsoon rains this year are bound to depress our GDP growth rate this year. According to CMIEs analysis drought conditions are expected to lower overall agriculture production by 7 per cent. As a result, the real GDP is expected to grow only by 3.1 per cent. According to CMIE the real GDP growth rate has never reached 5 per cent in a year of agriculture decline in the past 30 years. Any long term investment should be made with a time scale of at least 2 to 3 years and this investment should be made only in a weak market. co CHECK-OUT by Pushpa Girimaji Get expensive items insured before mailing S ending an expensive Divali gift to someone special through speed post? Well, here is a note of warning: if the gift gets lost or damaged during transit, all you are entitled to as compensation is twice the amount of money that you have paid towards speed post charges. Even here, the maximum that you can get is Rs 1000! And if you think that you can approach the consumer court for relief , forget it. You will get no help there too. Recently, the apex consumer court examined in detail the liability of the post office in case of delay or non-delivery of postal articles sent by speed post. Its verdict was that the consumer courts cannot go beyond the statutory provisions and grant compensation in excess of what is statutorily fixed. And in case of speed post, since Rule 66B of the Indian Post Office Rules says that in case of loss or damage , the compensation shall be double the amount of the composite speed post charges or Rs 1000, whichever is less, the consumer courts cannot grant compensation beyond this amount, the court said. (In case of delay in delivery, whatever may be the consequence of such delay, you are entitled to only a refund of the Speed Post charge). In its order of September 18, 2002, the National Consumer Disputes Redressal commission examined three different petitions all pertaining to Speed Post service.. In the first petition Head Post Master, Post Office Railway Road, Kurukshetra, Haryana vs Vijay Rattan Aggarwal, the complaint pertained to two bank drafts for the sum of Rs 5 lakh sent by Speed Post on January 18, 1995. The post office, which undertook to deliver it within 24 hours, did not do so, forcing the complainant to obtain duplicate bank drafts on March 7, 1995. Claiming loss of interest and loss in business plus harassment, the complainant sought damages from the post office. The District Consumer Disputes Redressal Forum awarded Rs 20,000 as compensation, besides interest of 18 per cent on the amount of Rs 5 lakh for one and a half months. When this was upheld by the State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission, the post office filed a revision petition before the National Commission. In the second case, Union India vs Brahm Dev Upadhyay, the complainant, having passed the preliminary examination for Uttar Pradesh administrative service, sent by Speed Post the necessary papers required for the final examination. They were not delivered on time, as a result of which the complainant could not appear for the final examination. The District Forum awarded Rs 10,000 as damages . When the State Commission affirmed this order, the post office filed a revision petition. In the third case, Varun Garg vs Assistant Post Master, Post Office, the complainant sent an application form for admission to LLB course in Maharishi Dayanand University, Rohtak by speed post on May 19, 2000. The last date for submission of the application was May 22, but the application was received by the university after this date and was therefore not entertained. The District Forum before which Varun Garg filed a complaint said he was only entitled to a refund of Rs 20 paid towards speed post charges. This was upheld by the State Commission, upon which the complainant filed a revision petition before the apex consumer court. After examining the Indian Post Office Act and the Rules framed therein pertaining to Speed Post, the National Commission said there was no justification for grant of any compensation to the complainants. Said the Commission: Under the Consumer Protection Act, 1986, we cannot go beyond the statutory provisions and grant compensation more than what is statutorily fixed. A Consumer Forum is even bound by the terms of the contract howsoever oppressive these may be unless those terms are against public policy, illegal or void. In other words, consumers cannot get compensation commensurate with the loss suffered on account of delay in delivery or loss or damage to the article entrusted for delivery through Speed Post. So if you are sending expensive goods by Speed Post or through a private courier, get it insured. If you are sending important documents for which you cannot take an insurance policy, just keep your fingers crossed and hope that it reaches the addressee on time and in good condition. PREPARING FOR RETIREMENT Sun Life provides umbrella Naveen S. Garewal R isks are an integral part of human life. Events that occur in our daily lives indicate time and again that we must prepare ourselves to deal with these risks in a well-planned manner. One of the important precautionary measures stems from an insurance cover. A life cover cannot prevent any unfortunate happening, but at least it mitigates the financial loss arising out of an unfortunate happening. It provides strength to face the financial loss that may arise from the loss of a bread earner. Life Insurance addresses multiple needs such as protection against disabilities, preparing one to face the unexpected mishaps, besides providing a plan for a retired life. Aims at building wealth Birla Sun Life insurance, a recent entrant into the insurance sector aims at targeting the youth, providing them with a financial plan. The company says that it provides to the youth a right step to build wealth through a systematic process that offers economic security and provides what each of us craves for - peace of mind. Value for money The Birla Sun Life Insurance that offers five products boasts that its products offer investment options, market driven returns, guaranteed values, high surrender values no exit loads beyond five years, free look period, mix and match options, large protection cover, favourable premiums for female clients, tax benefits and automatic premium payment. Birla Sun Life also offers what it calls Riders. Riders are additional benefits that you may buy and add to your policy in a way that it customises the policy according to an individuals needs. These include the accidental death and dismemberment rider, term rider and critical illness rider. Retirement benefits What you get at retirement is directly proportional to what you save. The age when you start saving in an endowment plan can drastically alter the wealth you acquire at retirement. Take a simple case study where Mr. A, aged 30 years with an annual income of Rs 2 lakh (growing 15 per cent annually) started saving 15 per cent annually till retirement age of 60 years. Given a return of 12 per cent and an expected inflation of 6 per cent, he should have a retirement income of Rs 95,000 per month taking the inflation into count. But if he were to wait till age 40 before he started saving (from an income of Rs 3 lakh annual), he would get a pension of only Rs 24,000 per month. Flexi Save Endowment Plan The Flexi Save Plus Endowment Plan has been designed to offer insurance protection; while at the same time provide an opportunity for investment. Birla Sun Life aims at stressing the point that the premium paid over the years helps the savings to grow and thus helps meet expenses like childrens higher studies, their marriages, retirement funding etc The flexi save plus endowment plan is designed to accumulate the savings through regular premium payment for a fixed duration of time or in a single lump sum to realise the long-term goals and protect the family with insurance cover unique features of the Flexi Save Plus Endowment Plan include choice of duration plan, flexibility of premium payment, choice of investment options, automatic premium payment and access to your funds during the plan duration. The Flexi Save Plus Endowment Plan is available to all between age 1 to 65 years wherein the minimum face amount (Sum Assured) is Rs 50,000 for minors and Rs 75,000 for adults. The duration of the plan can be 10, 15, 20, 25, or 30 years as per the policy plan or as per maturity age of 60, 65,70 and 80 years. The premium-paying period varies from a single pay to 5,10, 15, 20 years with a paying option of premium payment frequency ranging from annually, semi-annually, quarterly or one-time payment. The policy offers a transparency in surrender values and lets you know the exact amount due in case of pre-mature plan termination. Also the policy tells you before hand the amount due on survival up to maturity, surrender value in the maturity year + the balance in additional holding account. Besides the amount due to nominee in event of death of the life insured is disclosed before hand. Riders on the policy that can be bought at an additional cost include accidental death and dismemberment, term and critical illness. The policy also offers a tax benefits under section 88 Sec 10 (10 D) of the Income Tax Act (To be concluded) FIIs net buyers in equities Mumbai, October 20 The foreign institutional investors (FIIs) were net buyers in equities at Rs 56.1 crore ($ 11.5 million) during the trading week ended October 18. The FIIs, however, for the third straight trading week of the month stayed away from the debt market and did not transact a single deal, according to data available with the SEBI here. As per SEBI information, mutual funds netted sales of Rs 165.63 crore in equities and were net buyers to the tune of Rs 394.07 crore in debt instruments. PTI bb Inflation falls New Delhi, October 20 Notwithstanding the domestic oil price hike, inflation declined by another 0.32 per cent to 3.02 per cent for the week ended October 5 even as vegetables became costlier. The hike in vegetable prices was to a great extent contained by fall in the price of foodgrains and fruits, leading to point-to-point Wholesale Price Index (WPI) dip for the third consecutive week from 3.34 per cent in the previous week and the index was 3.18 per cent a year ago. PTI | Punjab | Haryana | Jammu & Kashmir | Himachal Pradesh | Regional Briefs | Nation | Editorial | | Business | Sport | World | Mailbag | In Spotlight | Chandigarh Tribune | Ludhiana Tribune 50 years of Independence | Tercentenary Celebrations | | 122 Years of Trust | Calendar | Weather | Archive | Subscribe | Suggestion | E-mail |

Sell House

AutoTrader.com - How to Sell Your Car Home > Research > How to Sell Your Car How to Sell Your Car Why should I sell my car instead of trading it in? It's simple—to boost your profit. Sell it yourself, and you get a higher value out of your car. Depending on the age and condition of your car, you can pocket an extra $1,000 to $2,000 or more. If you have a late-model vehicle, you stand to make much more. Just think of it as cutting the middle man out. If you trade your car in, the dealer has to pay to clean it, advertise it and sell it while making a comfortable profit. Your lower trade-in reflects that. Besides, with today's online resources, selling your car is easier than ever. Find out all you need to know to put your car up for sale, and then list it at a less expensive price than traditional printed classified listings. Plus, you reach more buyers in your area—and across the country. Place Your Ad Today Get a CARFAX Vehicle History Report Provide buyer assurance. Check your vehicle's history before you sell. Enter VIN Find Info on Specific Models Get the details on your old car before you advertise. Find out options, standard features, safety and more. What are my first steps? Selling your car yourself can be rewarding, especially with a little guidance. We've come up with a few tips to make the experience easier and to help you get the best price for your car. View Hide Set a competitive price A good place to start is determining the market value of your car. Check out our used-car values page to find out what your car is worth. You'll want to price competitively in your local market-look at our online ads in your area to see what used cars similar to yours are being sold for. If you're open to negotiation, determine the least amount you will accept. Based on that amount, you may want to create some cushion in your price—$500 is a good minimum. Remember, buyers are looking at the same online pricing guides, so if your price is close to or lower than the price they found, your car could be that much more appealing. Once you set your price, consider using the proper ad lingo to make your point: Inserting "or best offer" (OBO) or "asking price" signals you'll consider an offer lower than the stated price. You may get more responses. Stating your price is "firm" signals that you're sticking to your price. View Hide Get your car ready Appearance is everything. That means you should thoroughly clean your car, inside and out. And consider taking care of any minor maintenance issues. Here's a laundry list of things you can do to improve your car's appearance: Wash, wax and vacuum your car. Wipe down the dashboard and other surfaces. Gloss up the tires and polish the wheels. Clean all glass inside and out, including mirrors. Clean out any junk from inside your car and the trunk. Replace any burnt lights or fuses. Top off the fluids. View Hide Gather your car's records Smart car shoppers want to know how well maintained your vehicle is and will ask for maintenance records. A presentable maintenance log with all of your receipts, especially oil changes, can be a powerful selling tool. Consider collecting the receipts you have and creating a maintenance log. If you know you had something done but can't find the receipt, log it anyway. Warranty receipts are especially important. If you've recently replaced your tires or battery, present the warranty to the buyer. View Hide Purchase a vehicle history report You can put buyers at ease by showing a copy of your car's vehicle history report . One of the biggest fears of used-car buyers is unwittingly buying a car that has been in a wreck. A vehicle history report reveals if a car was ever wrecked, whether the odometer was rolled back and other costly problems. Presenting your maintenance records and a clean vehicle history report instills confidence in buyers—it could make the sale! How do I advertise my car? Your best bet is to place an online ad . Think about it this way: how many newspaper readers are looking to buy a car? Compare that to the number of people visiting auto websites like this one looking to buy a car now. You'll also get more sophisticated options, like editing tools and more space to show off your car. Here are some surefire bets to bring you more responses. View Hide Post quality photos Although photos are not required for listing your car online, they are a key selling tool. You have a far greater chance of buyers clicking on your Search Results Listing if you have photos. In fact, 85% of buyers look for listings with photos in their initial search. You don't need to have a digital camera to post photos. Just take your traditional film to your local photo-processing lab and ask for a photo CD. You can easily upload photos from the CD to your ad. Or, you can turn your prints into digital pictures with a scanner. Before you point and shoot, remember these guidelines: Photograph your car in daylight. Avoid reflections and shadows from the sun and trees. Photograph your car at a front-side angle to achieve a good view of the entire car. Park your car against a flattering backdrop. Make sure your car is clean and neat in appearance. If you post multiple photos, photograph the interior and any special features about your car, such as specialty tires and wheels. View Hide Give details buyers will respond to Another benefit of advertising online is providing a complete description of your car. You get to give buyers those extra details that grab their attention. In your AutoTrader.com ad, you will list your car's basic details and options installed. With that important information already out of the way, you can focus on making your description enticing. Keep in mind the first 150 characters of your description will show on your Search Results Listing. Put your most important details first, so buyers see them right away. Consider giving some of the following details: Appeal to a buyer's lifestyle. Ex. Van—"great family car," economy car—"excellent gas mileage makes it a great commuter car," truck—"a dependable work truck." Use key phrases that typically signal you've taken care of your car, like "one owner," "kept in garage" and "maintenance records available." But do be honest! Mention any non-standard modifications and improvements, such as stereo, speakers and specialty wheels. List any recent replacements, like new tires or battery. View Hide Be prepared to field inquiries Once you place your ad, be ready to answer questions. Keep a list of basic facts about your car near the phone and computer. Print out the online sources that show your car's market value. Buyers are making a big decision, so try to answer every question honestly and openly. You'll save yourself time instead of making unnecessary appointments. Make appointments for a specific time, rather than allowing a buyer to show "sometime after work." It increases the chances of the buyer making it, and it doesn't waste your time. If you feel uncomfortable with a buyer coming to your house, arrange to meet in a populated, well-lit area. How do I close the deal? You've done your homework. Now it's time to sell your car. With a little preparation and patience, you should do just fine. View Hide Show your car to interested buyers Once you make an appointment, a buyer will most likely want to take your car for a spin. Before the test-drive, remember to: Ask to see a valid driver's license and proof of insurance. Let the buyer drive, but you navigate. Have a planned route in mind that allows the buyer to experience different driving conditions. If a buyer is very interested and wants you to hold the car, ask for a deposit and specify that it's only for a certain amount of time. Also, some buyers may want to have the car inspected by their mechanic. This is a reasonable request, but it's up to you how you want to handle it. View Hide Negotiate a fair price By now, you know what your car is worth, and you know what you're willing to accept. Prepare yourself with possible responses when a buyer begins to negotiate. For example: If a buyer mentions a scratch or ding, say it's normal wear and tear and that it's accounted for in the depreciated market value. If a buyer makes an offer lower than your asking price, counter offer. Never seem too eager to lower your price. And don't budge beyond your minimum. If a buyer shows you a mechanic's receipt for repairs needed on your car, take a look at the repairs. If they're warranted, consider reducing the price based on the amount needed for the repairs. If you advertised that your car is being sold "as is," then simply refer to your ad. View Hide Finalize the sale Once you settle on a price, accept only cash or a cashier's check before you sign over the title. And make sure the check has cleared at the issuing bank. Be suspicious of any buyer who offers a complicated payment arrangement that involves overpayment with a refund. This is often a sign of fraud. To learn more about spotting a scam, read our fraud awareness tips . You should have a bill of sale ready for both parties. A bill of sale is a sales receipt that shows transfer of ownership to the buyer and contains both parties' contact information, details about the car, the agreed upon sell price and the odometer reading. To find a bill of sale, your state motor vehicle website should offer a detailed form. If not, try an office supply store for a generic form that you can add to if needed. Also, check with your state motor vehicle website to find out what the requirements are to transfer the title to the new owner. Generally, you will have to sign and date the title before turning it over to the buyer. Notifying your local motor vehicle office of the transaction and ensuring the title is correctly transferred will prevent you from being liable for any accidents. If you still owe money on the car and a lending institution is holding the title, you can finish the sale with the buyer at the offices of the lender. Once you have the money and the loan has been paid off, sign the title to the buyer. If the bank is out of state, you can go with the buyer to the motor vehicle office and get a temporary operating permit based on the bill of sale. Once you pay off the balance of the loan with the money from your car sale, you'll receive the title. Sign it over to the new owner and the transaction is complete. One last thing—don't forget to cancel or transfer your insurance policy to your new car. I want more resources... Credit Tools Free Credit Report Be prepared before getting an Auto Loan. Vehicle Valuation Trade-in & Retail Pricing Get free trade-in values and retail pricing. Car Loans Loan Center Get up to 4 offers with one simple form. Refinance Auto Loan Center Refinance your auto and save. Payment Calculator Calculate the monthly loan payment for a car. Safety Safety Info Information and articles on safe driving and vehicle safety features. Reviews and Tips Search Reviews Search the latest car reviews. Buying Tips Information and articles to help you make the most informed buying decisions. Home > Research > How to Sell Your Car Find A Dealer | Become an AutoTrader.com Dealer | About | Help | Site Map | Employment Opportunities | Email Us | Press Room By using this service, you accept the terms of our Visitor Agreement . ©2005 AutoTrader.com L.L.C.

Las Vegas Real Estate

AOL City Guide: Las Vegas - Real Estate, Homes, Apartments, Realtors, Mortgage Site Map | City's Best Ticket Marketplace | Hot Tickets Casinos | Strip Map | Weather | Getting Around | Maps & Directions | Golf Events | Gambling Guide People | Local Personals | White Pages | Yellow Pages | Autos | Real Estate | News & Headlines | Sports | Jobs | Movies Out of Work? Get ahead of the competition. Find jobs, career advice and more. Summer Love Search photos and find a summer romance. Get lovin' now. Choose property type. - Property Type - Apartments Senior Housing & Care Corporate Housing Enter city name. Select State Ala. Alaska Ariz. Ark. Calif. Colo Conn. Del. D.C. Fla. Ga. Hawaii Idaho Ill. Ind. Iowa Kan. Ky. La. Maine Md. Mass. Mich. Minn. Miss. Mo. Mont. Neb. Nev N.H. N.J. N.M. N.Y. N.C. N.D. Ohio Okla. Ore. Pa. R.I. S.C. S.D. Tenn. Texas Utah Vt. Va. Wash. W.Va. Wis. Wyo. · Find the Perfect Neighborhood · Best City Neighborhoods · Best Cities for Young People · Local Schools Information Home Values Find out how much your home and nearby properties are worth. Family-Friendly? Discover the best cities for safe schools and affordable housing. New to the Area? Meet area singles like you at CityGuide Local Personals. For Sale By Owner Find FSBO listings or list your own home for sale on RealtyTrac. Check out our featured listings to find great homes near you. Type: Rate: • See rates from area lenders Enter city Enter State State Ala. Alaska Ariz. Ark. Calif. Colo Conn. Del. D.C. Fla. Ga. Hawaii Idaho Ill. Ind. Iowa Kan. Ky. La. Maine Md. Mass. Mich. Minn. Miss. Mo. Mont. Neb. Nev N.H. N.J. N.M. N.Y. N.C. N.D. Ohio Okla. Ore. Pa. R.I. S.C. S.D. Tenn. Texas Utah Vt. Va. Wash. W.Va. Wis. Wyo. Enter State State Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennesee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming AOL Keyword: Local Real Estate Bars, Music & Nightlife | Restaurants & Dining Guide | Movies | Tickets People & Personals | Real Estate | Visitor's Guide | Shop & Find | Yellow Pages | Government Guide About Us | Advertise With Us | Help & Feedback | Updated Privacy Policy | Terms of Use | Trademarks | Site Map AOL Music | Moviefone | AOL Games | AOL TV | Black Voices | Shopping AOL CityGuide has a finger on the pulse of this city, and cities around the nation: from New York restaurants to Las Vegas entertainment, Chicago real estate, Washington hotels, Florida weather, San Francisco theaters, Boston markets and Los Angeles nightlife. You'll find the best local restaurants, hotels, entertainment, movies, concert tickets, events, weather, bars, nightlife, personals and so much more. We're the better way to search your city. © 2005 America Online, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Real Estate Investing

Real Estate Software: Commercial Real Estate Software/Residential Real Estate Investment Software Excel Templates - Excel Training - Excel Add-ins Real Estate Software For Free 24/7 Microsoft Office Support See: Our Free Excel Help & VBA Help Forum . See Also our: Free Excel Newsletter Real Estate Software Real Estate Software Home - Real Estate Software Invest - Real Estate Investment Software Real Estate Investment Software for Real Estate Investors and Home Buyers. For Real Estate Loans, Mortgages, Calculate Amortization & More! See: Property X - Property Investment Analysis Software AND Real Estate Investment Analysis Software Our Most Popular Real Estate Investment Software products Back to: Financial Calculators | Financial Software | Excel Templates | Excel Add-ins | Software Categories | Search All Software Real Estate Investment Software Index Free Choice of Complete Excel Training Course OR OzGrid Add-ins Collectio n on ALL purchases totaling over $70.00. ALL purchases totaling over $150.00 gets you BOTH! Purchases MUST be made via this site. Real Estate Investment Software Popular & VERY Well Priced Real Estate Software that is made specifically for USA real estate , but can be used in any English speaking country that uses dollars (any type of dollars). The real estate investment software suite includes 3 products for financially analyzing income property, and 2 products for all types of real estate, including amortization (loan) and appreciation software. It has investing, commercial real estate, real estate development, and residential (amortization & appreciation) applications.Real Estate Development Software Suit:Download Free Trial Version From Download 1 or Download 2 PropX: Real Estate Software Popular Australian Real Estate Software. PropertyX is a complete property investment analysis software that comes with more than 12 investment analysis calculators, up to 40+ year projections, and investment analysis reports with graphical illustrations. Super Amortization Loan Software The Super Amortization Loan Software is full featured loan software that works for fixed rate, variable rate (up to 3 adjustments), principle and interest payments, interest only payments, interest only payments later switching to principle and interest payments the month you specify, and it can accept up to 30 balloon payments. This software is ideal for anyone wanting full featured loan software for law practice, real estate, or other purposes. Download Shareware Version from Download 1 or Download 2 . Real Estate Calculator Suite Real Estate Calculator Suite includes a Date Calculator, a Fraction / Decimal interest rate conversion table, sample text for closing credit accounts, a Documentation List to help you gather your paperwork, a Home Inspection form to help you review potential homes, a Mover's To Do List, a Fraction/Decimal Conversion Chart and useful tips for home buyers and sellers PC Property Manager Real estate software-PC Property Manager is a rental property management software & Real Estate Investment Software system for residential rental property investors to manage their financial and other rental property transactions. It is more than an excellent book-keeping system. Amortization Calculations Mortgage and loan software includes the powerful Amortization Schedules Plus! feature that allows you to override, skip or add any number of payments. Includes 14 different Day Count Conventions including 30/360 and Actual/Actual, plus many different Payment Types including Normal, Continually Adjusting Payments, Fixed Principal plus Interest and Interest Only. Back To Real Estate Software. Top^ Property Management software Practical and easy-to-use DIY property management software to create tenant statements and reports, track payments and expenses for unlimited number of tenants, owners, loans and investments PLUS loan and investment tracker and simulator. Amortization Calculato r Amortization schedules and calculators to solve financial questions instantly Make better financial decisions and save time and money with the Ultimate Loan Calculator. Amortization Loan Software Calculate your payment and make a payment schedule. Can accept up to 30 balloon payments, if you have any. 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Financial Advisor for Borrowing, business profitability, discounted cash flows, financial planning, investing, bonds, cost of capital, options, valuation and more! Home Buyers Calculation Suite Real Estate Calculator Suite is an integrated collection of real estate calculators for Windows that gives you the ability to play with the numbers. Back To Real Estate Software. Top^ Home, Car, Loan, Mortgage .... Calculator Software that offers financial management software solutions for mortgage calculation, loan calculators, and real estate calculators. Financial planning and investment calculators are the Software's expertise. Loan Advisor for Excel Loan Advisor for Excel is a special loan toolbox derived from Financial Advisor for Excel with many loan calculators for users who need a tool to establish and compare different loan options. This powerful set of calculators will help you in many loan calculations and determine the better loan for you. QuikCalc Mortgage & Loan Manager Lite Down Payment Amount, Gross Debt Service Ratio, House Price from Payment Amount, Interest, Amount, Maximum Loan, Maximum Payment, Mortgage Payment, Principal Amount, Rent Payments Total, Time to Pay Off Accelerated Loan, Total Debt Service Ratio, Total Debt Service Ratio Maximum Amount, Total Interest Paid, Total Paid for Home. QuikCalc Mortgage & Loan Manager Personal Mortgage and loan software includes the powerful Amortization Schedules Plus! feature that allows you to override, skip or add any number of payments. The Loan Management feature allows you to track actual loan terms and varying interest rates, as well as your actual payments made and projected payments QuikCalc Amortization Mortgage and loan Real Estate Investment Software includes easy to use amortization tables and schedules that allow any interest rate, payment and compounding frequency, including accelerated payments. Includes many reports including annual summaries. See before and after comparisons of your changes. Data file backup and integrated field level popup calculator also included. Back To Real Estate Software. Top^ Main Software Categories Search All add-ins and Software Excel Add-ins || Excel Training || Excel Templates || Employee Scheduling Software || Excel, Word, Access Password Recovery || Corrupt Excel, Word, Access File Recovery || Financial Software || Financial Calculators || Conversion Software || Construction & Estimating Software || Real Estate Investment Software || Time & Project Management Software || Database Software || Neural Network Software || Trading Software || Charting Software || Windows & Internet Software || Barcodes , Fonts, ActiveX, Labels and DLL's