Home Equity Loans Home
Home Equity Loans, HELOC, Home Improvement Loan - HomeLoanCenter.com Home Home Equity Mortgage Refinance Home Equity Loans Home Purchase Credit Concerns Debt Consolidation Check Loan Status Loan Calculators Rate Quote Rate Watch FAQs Find the Right Loan 5 Reasons To Refinance Home Buying Tips Mortgage Terms Glossary Besides the tax benefits you’ll receive, there are many reasons to get a home equity loan and even more reasons to get one with HomeLoanCenter.com. Less paperwork No appraisal required Cash in 10 days No closing fee options Perfect credit not required No application fee Learn More: What is a home equity loan? What is a home equity line of credit? What is the process of getting a home equity loan? Schedule a FREE loan consultation today Start here! Finish in 3 minutes. Get a decision on your loan in as little as 30 seconds. Required Field Borrower Information: First Name: Last Name: M. Initial Suffix -Choose One- Jr Sr II III IV Home Phone: Work Phone: Will there be a co-borrower? Yes No *$208.33 payment is based on $40,000 loan amount for a 25-year Home Equity Line of Credit with a 3 month introductory rate of 6.25% and 7.00% Annual Percentage Rate. Rate is variable and subject to change. Offer is for new applicants only. To qualify for this payment borrower credit score must be 720 or greater and loan-to-value must not exceed 70%. The interest rate and payment for your line will vary based on your credit qualifications and loan to value ratios and will range from Prime -0.25% (currently 6.75% APR) to Prime +2.75% (currently 9.75% APR). Prime is the Wall Street Journal Prime Rate and is currently 7.00%. Changes to Prime may change your payment amount and APR. Maximum APR will not exceed 18%. An annual fee of $75 will be charged after the first year. Rate and terms offered may vary depending on your credit history and other qualifications, amount of equity in the property, location, and type of property, and other factors. Not available in all states. Rates are subject to change without notice. Site Map | About Us | Contact Us | Business Hours | Careers | Privacy Policy | Our Guarantees | Licensing | Legal Information Loan Payment Calculator | Mortgage Refinance | Home Equity Loan | Home Purchase | Adjustable Rate Mortgages | Second Mortgage Tools & Resources | Mortgage Interest Rates | Home Loan | Equity Loan | Debt Consolidation © 2005 Home Loan Center, Inc. All rights reserved. Loan programs are offered by Home Loan Center, Inc.
Real estate agents help
Real Estate Agent Printer-friendly version ( HTML ) Real Estate Agent What is this job like? | How do you get ready? | How much does this job pay? | How many jobs are there? | What about the future? | Are there other jobs like this? | Where can you find more information? What is this job like? Back to Top Real estate agents help people buy and sell houses. They must be able to say approximately how much money a house is worth. They need to know what the neighborhoods in their towns are like. They must know the laws that have to do with buying or selling a house. They also can tell home buyers where to get a loan if they need more money to buy a house. In return for selling a house, real estate agents get to keep a small part of the money that the buyer paid for it. Real estate agents work for real estate brokers. Real estate brokers manage real estate offices. People who want to buy a house often ask a real estate agent to help them. They meet with the agent to tell him or her what kind of house they want. They must also discuss how much money they can afford to spend. The agent then takes them to see houses for sale. Buying a house is a very important decision because houses cost a lot of money. This means that buyers often want to look at many houses before they decide to buy one. Real estate agents also sell houses for people. They help the seller set the price for the house. To do this, they must know what the house is like. They must also figure out what people would be willing to pay for the house so that it will sell quickly. They make sure that people see ads for the house so that they can think about buying it. Once a person agrees to buy a house, real estate agents still have work to do. They must fill out special forms that let everyone know that the house has a new owner. Both the buyer and the seller of the house must sign these forms for the sale of the house to be legal. Often, the agents must help the buyer to get a loan from the bank to pay for the house. Real estate agents generally work in offices. Since much information about properties is available over the Internet, some agents can work out of their own homes. In either case, however, much of their time is spent outside the office showing houses to buyers. Sometimes they must leave the office to meet with people who have houses to sell. Good real estate agents also spend time away from the office finding out more about the houses in their town that might one day be up for sale. Agents often work more than 40 hours a week. They often must work in the evening or on weekends. This is because most buyers and sellers are free only at those times. How do you get ready? Back to Top Real estate agents must have a license from the State in which they work. To get a license, a person must have graduated from high school. The person must be at least 18 years old and pass a written test. In some States, a person who wants to be a real estate agent must go to a special school for a few months. Sometimes it helps to take some college courses about real estate. This is because the process of selling a house can be hard to understand. Good real estate agents must get along well with buyers and sellers. It helps if real estate agents are pleasant and dress neatly. They should be well organized and be able to remember people's names. They should deal honestly with people and have good manners. They must also be very eager to sell houses, which is sometimes a lot of hard work. How much does this job pay? Back to Top Most real estate agents do not get a regular paycheck. Instead, they get part of the money that the home buyer pays to the home seller when a house is sold. This means that agents who sell more houses earn more money. It also means that agents who sell more expensive houses earn more. The middle half of all real estate agents earned between $21,010 and $52,860 a year in 2002. The lowest-paid 10 percent earned less than $15,480. The highest-paid 10 percent earned more than $83,780 a year. The middle half of all real estate brokers earned between $29,240 and $90,170 a year in 2002. The lowest-paid 10 percent earned less than $17,290. The highest-paid 10 percent earned more than $145,600 a year. How many jobs are there? Back to Top Real estate agents and brokers held about 407,000 jobs in 2002. Many work part time, and have other jobs as well. Most real estate agents work in large cities. Many also work in smaller cities that are growing quickly. This is because there are more houses being bought and sold in such places. What about the future? Back to Top The number of jobs for real estate agents is expected to grow more slowly than the average for all occupations through the year 2012. This is partly because more information about real estate is available on the Internet. This allows agents to conduct more business in less time, so fewer agents are needed. It should be rather easy to find a job as a real estate agent. This is because many agents find that they cannot sell enough houses to be successful, so they quit their jobs. Only people who enjoy selling, and are good at it, should try to become real estate agents. Are there other jobs like this? Back to Top Insurance sales agents Retail salespersons (car salespersons, etc.) Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents Travel agents Where can you find more information? Back to Top More BLS information about real estate brokers and sales agents can be found in the Occupational Outlook Handbook . The Handbook also shows where to find out even more about this job. Last Modified Date: October 21, 2004
Selling Home
Preparing Your Sellers for Home Showings - Real Estate Agent Tips You are here: About > Home & Garden > Home Buying / Selling > Real Estate Careers > Presentation Skills > Listings > Preparing Your Sellers for Home Showings - Real Estate Agent Tips Home & Garden Home Buying / Selling Essentials 10 Things Home Buyers Shouldn't Do Best Tips for First Time Home Buyers "Must-Do" Tasks Before You Sell How to Buy a Home, Step by Step For Sale by Owner Advice Articles & Resources How To Buy a Home How To Sell a House Celebrity & Historic Credit Reports & Scores Design & Remodel Home Maintenance Inspections & Appraisals Investing & Foreclosures Modular & Manufactured Mold, Radon, Lead, etc. Mortgage Advice Moving & Relocation Real Estate Careers Real Estate For Sale Vacation Homes Buyer's Guide Before You Buy Top Picks Home Buying Books Foreclosure Books Mortgage Books Product Reviews Forums Help FREE Newsletter Sign Up Now for the Home Buying / Selling newsletter! See Online Courses Search Home Buying / Selling Stay up to date! Email to a friend Print this page Suggested Reading Interviewing for a Real Estate Position How To Calculate Real Estate Commissions Getting the House House Ready for Showings Suggested Reading Real Estate Appraisal Methods Fair Housing Issues for Real Estate Pros How To Measure a Home's Square Footage Recent Discussions Excellent credit, no savings- help!! Buying an out of state home ? Re-financing... Related Blogs Mortgage Fraud Blog The Real Estate Blog The Money Pit Most Popular Modular and Manufactured Homes Finding Your Best Place to ... Home Buying Don'ts First Time Home Buyer Tips Before You Sell Your Home What's Hot Coping with Unethical People How To Buy Land Real Estate Appraisal Before You Buy a Log Home Package Home Buying / Selling - GuideReviews Related Topics Home Repair Architecture Credit / Debt Management Housekeeping Landscaping Preparing Your Sellers for Home Showings From Janet Wickell , Your Guide to Home Buying / Selling . FREE Newsletter. Sign Up Now! Introduce sellers to the realities of showing their home You've already talked with your sellers about the physical work involved to get a home ready to show, but have you mentioned other events that may take place while the house is on the market? Giving home sellers a basic education in Buyers 101 will help prepare them for the realities of showing their house.
Be Ready to Show at All Times
Sellers should be aware that same-day and even last-minute requests for showings are common, so a seller with a '24 hour notice to show' stipulation often cuts himself out of a good chunk of the buying market. The only standard hefty lag time that should be necessary is when you must give ample notice to a tenant.
Once a house gets tagged difficult to show by agents, you won't receive as many calls to show it. If sellers choose to make showings difficult, be sure to tell them now that it will cut down on showings--and fewer showings equals fewer potential buyers.
Keep it Flexible
Explain to your home sellers that most agents do try to arrive within the scheduled showing time, but sometimes it isn't possible. They may get stuck in traffic, or the house they saw prior to your showing took longer than expected. It happens, and sometimes it happens too late to be fixed by a phone call.
Encourage sellers to stay away from home a little longer than they think is necessary, just to make sure they don't interrupt a showing.
Sellers Who Want to Be Present
This is nearly always a bad idea. Sellers think agents and buyers won't be able to find everything, that they must be there to point out important features. Truthfully, most just want to be present to see buyer reaction firsthand.
Sellers should be aware that at the very least buyers feel uncomfortable when they are present, and that it can actually kill a sale. Buyers often won't even open closet or cabinet doors when the seller is home, and when they cannot view a house comfortably, they'll hurry up and move on to the next one.
Sellers want to talk, and not just about the house. You never know when a buyer will be turned off by the mood of the seller, or by a statement the seller makes. Buyers are there to look at the house, not chit chat about hobbies or the weather or worse--politics and other controversial topics.
If sellers must be home during a showing, counsel them to go outside or stay put in one location, not wander around with the agent and buyers.
Sellers Who Want YOU To Be Present for All Showings
If you're selling a large estate or complicated property, it might be the norm to plan on being present for all showings, but it's not necessary or smart for the typical house.
Explain that other agents generally feel uncomfortable with the selling agent hanging around, listening to and participating in conversations with potential buyers. If the other agent is representing the buyers as a buyer's agent, she won't be free to have open discussions about the house in front of you.
There's another negative that may be more important: busy agents don't have time to work around your schedule. Requiring the listing agent to be present for all showings is another way to give the house that difficult to show reputation.
If your sellers are worried about theft of small items, they should store them away . Packing up collections and small personal items is part of the process they should have already gone through to prepare the house for showings .
Pets Must Be Controlled
Pets should be out of the house during showings, especially large dogs, since many people are afraid of them. A gruff bark coming from inside the house is enough to make some home buyers turn around at the front door.
If there are pet odors, talking with your seller about the subject can be tricky, because most people are not aware of odors in their own home. You may need to conjure up your best be-tactful mode to deal with that subject, but it must be dealt with. Your sellers don't want buyers to remember the home as the house that smells .
Gaining Seller Cooperation
Share showing information in a 'did you know this about buyers' tone, rather than simply telling a seller what he must do. Explaining why these steps are important helps sellers realize that it's in their best interests to comply.
Consider putting showing advice on paper in an easy-to-read format. Give the seller a day or so to digest the information, then ask if he has any questions about the information.
Show that you respect the seller's opinions by asking what he thinks are the home's best features, then spotlight those features in a flyer or brochure that can be left on a table for prospective buyers.
Sellers usually just want to help. It's up to you to figure out a way to give them a role in the sales process, one that is truly helpful and that won't have a negative impact on showings. Important disclaimer information about this About site. Topic Index | Email to a Friend Our Story | Be a Guide | Advertising Info | Work at About | Site Map | Icons | Help User Agreement | Ethics Policy | Patent Info. | Privacy Policy | Kids' Privacy Policy ©2005 About, Inc., A part of the New York Times Company . All rights reserved. Around About Oprah's Life Vacation Ideas Shop Safely Online VIDEO: Craft Rooms VIDEO: Christmas Traditions What's Hot Coping with Unethical People How To Buy Land Real Estate Appraisal Before You Buy a Log Home Package Home Buying / Selling - GuideReviews
Property Search
Prudential Connecticut Realty Only the listings of brokers participating in the Multiple Listing Service Internet Data Exchange program will be displayed in this search. If you would like a complete view of the market register for Prudential Plus today. Enter your search criteria to view properties currently on the market. View Properties Location Range (no commas please) Agawam MA Amston CT Andover CT Ansonia CT Ashaway CT Ashford CT Avon CT Avondale RI Ballouville CT Baltic CT Bantam CT Barkhamsted CT Barrington RI Beacon Falls CT Berlin CT Bethany CT Bethel CT Bethlehem CT Black Point CT Bloomfield CT Bolton CT Bozrah CT Bradford RI Branford CT Bridgeport CT Bridgewater CT Bristol CT Bristol RI Brookfield CT Brooklyn CT Burlington CT Canaan CT Canterbury CT Canton CT Carolina RI Center Groton CT Centerbrook CT Central Falls RI Central Village CT Chaplin CT Charlestown RI Chepachet RI Cheshire CT Chester CT Chesterfield CT Clarks Falls CT Clinton CT Colchester CT Colebrook CT Collinsville CT Columbia CT Cornwall CT Cos Cob CT Coventry CT Coventry RI Cranston RI Cromwell CT Cumberland RI Danbury CT Danielson CT Darien CT Dayville CT Deep River CT Derby CT Durham CT East Granby CT East Great Plains CT East Greenwich RI East Haddam CT East Hampton CT East Hartford CT East Hartland CT East Haven CT East Killingly CT East Longmeadw MA East Lyme CT East Norwalk CT East Providence RI East Windsor CT Eastford CT Easton CT Ellington CT Enfield CT Essex CT Exeter RI Fairfield CT Falls Village CT Farmington CT Fitchville CT Foster RI Franklin CT Gales Ferry CT Gaylordsville CT Giants Neck CT Glastonbury CT Goshen CT Granby CT Granville MA Greene RI Greenville CT Greenville RI Greenwich CT Griswold CT Groton CT Groton City CT Groton Long Point CT Groton Town CT Guilford CT Haddam CT Haddam Neck CT Hadlyme CT Hamden CT Hampton CT Hanover CT Harrisville RI Hartford CT Hartland CT Harwinton CT Hebron CT Higganum CT Hope RI Hope Valley RI Hopkinton RI Huntington CT Ivoryton CT Jamestown RI Jewett City CT Johnston RI Kensington CT Kent CT Kenyon RI Killingly CT Killingworth CT Kingston RI Lakeville CT Lebanon CT Ledyard CT Lincoln RI Lisbon CT Litchfield CT Little Compton RI Longmeadow MA Lords Point CT Lyme CT Madison CT Manchester CT Mansfield CT Manville RI Mapleville RI Marion CT Marlborough CT Masons Island CT Meriden CT Middle Haddam CT Middlebury CT Middlefield CT Middletown CT Middletown RI Milford CT Milldale CT Monroe CT Montville CT Moodus CT Moosup CT Morris CT Mumford Cove CT Mystic CT Narragansett RI Naugatuck CT New Britain CT New Canaan CT New Fairfield CT New Hartford CT New Haven CT New London CT New Milford CT New Preston CT New York NY Newington CT Newport RI Newtown CT Niantic CT Noank CT Norfolk CT North Branford CT North Canaan CT North Franklin CT North Granby CT North Grosvenordale CT North Haven CT North Kingstown RI North Providence RI North Scituate RI North Smithfield RI North Stonington CT Northfield CT Northford CT Norwalk CT Norwich CT Norwichtown CT Oakdale CT Oakland RI Oakville CT Occum CT Old Greenwich CT Old Lyme CT Old Mystic CT Old Saybrook CT Oneco CT Orange CT Oxford CT Pascoag RI Pawcatuck CT Pawtucket RI Pine Meadow CT Plainfield CT Plainville CT Plantsville CT Plymouth CT Pomfret CT Pomfret Center CT Portland CT Portsmouth RI Preston CT Prospect Providence RI Prudence Island RI Putnam CT Quaker Hill CT Quinebaugh CT Redding CT Richmond RI Ridgefield CT Riverside CT Riverside RI Riverton CT Rockfall CT Rockville CT Rocky Hill CT Rogers CT Rowayton CT Roxbury CT Rumford RI Salem CT Salisbury CT Saunderstown RI Scotland CT Seymour CT Sharon CT Shelter Harbor RI Shelton CT Sherman CT Simsbury CT Smithfield RI Somers CT South Meriden CT South Norwalk CT South Windsor CT South Woodstock CT Southbury CT Southington CT Southport CT Southwick MA Sprague CT Springfield MA Stafford CT Stafford Springs CT Stamford CT Sterling CT Stonington CT Stonington Borough CT Stonington Village CT Storrs CT Stratford CT Sturbridge CT Suffield CT Taftville CT Tariffville CT Terryville CT Thamesville CT Thomaston CT Thompson CT Tiverton RI Tolland CT Torrington CT Trumbull CT Uncasville CT Union CT Unionville CT Vernon CT Vernon Rockville CT Versailles CT Voluntown CT Wakefield RI Wallingford CT Warren CT Warren RI Warwick RI Washington CT Watch Hill RI Waterbury CT Waterford CT Watertown CT Wauregan CT Weekapaug RI West Granby CT West Greenwich RI West Hartford CT West Haven CT West Kingston RI West Mystic CT West Norwalk CT West Simsbury CT West Springfield MA West Warwick RI Westbrook CT Westerly RI Weston CT Westport CT Wethersfield CT Willimantic CT Willington CT Wilton CT Winchester CT Windham CT Windsor CT Windsor Locks CT Winsted CT Wolcott CT Wood River Junction RI Woodbridge CT Woodbury CT Woodstock CT Woonsocket RI Wyoming RI Yalesville CT Yantic CT OR Zip Code Min $ Max $ Min Bedrooms 0 1 2 3 4 5 Min Baths 0 1 2 3 Property Type All Types Single Family Condominium/Co-op Multi-family Lot/Land Rental Commercial/Industrial Mobile Home Style ALL STYLES ANTIQUE BUNGALOW CAPE COLONIAL CONTEMPORARY COTTAGE DUPLEX EUROPEAN/MEDITERRANIAN FARM HOUSE HIGH RISE HISTORIC LOG MOBILE MOBILE HOME MULTI FAMILY OTHER RAISED RANCH RANCH SALTBOX SPLIT LEVEL TOWNHOUSE TUDOR VACATION VICTORIAN Built After Built Before Square Feet Min Max Acreage Min Max Show Waterfront Properties Only No Yes Search Description for this Phrase (exact match required) or N/A Active Adult OR MLS Number(s) The data relating to real estate sale from the website comes in part from the Internet Data Exchange programs of the Multiple Listing Services displayed below. Real estate listings held by brokerage firms other than Prudential Connecticut Realty are marked with the IDX logo and detailed information about them includes the name of the listing broker. Last Updated: 12/29/2005 10:05:14 AM Consolidated Multiple Listing Service Darien Multiple Listing Service Eastern CT Realtors Information Service Massachusetts MLS New Canaan Multiple Listing Service Regional Multiple Listing Service Rhode Island State-Wide Multiple Listing Service
Real Estate Prices Still
Agricultural Economist Newsletter: Winter 2001--Farm Real Estate Prices Still Rising in Minnesota Farm Real Estate Prices Still Rising in Minnesota Steven J. Taff Average Minnesota farm real estate sales prices just keep on climbing (figure 1). This despite low output prices, rising input costs, and continued uncertainty about the future of federal subsidies. Sales price increases were seen in all parts of the state except in the northwest. In this annual sales price summary, I can provide only an overview, some cursory analysis, and--as always--a few opinions. I'll not bore you with text that simply repeats what's already shown in the charts. Instead I'll spend some time discussing how land transaction data are recorded, adjusted, and employed. I think it's useful to go through some administrative and procedural details to further our understanding of what these data are and what they are not. If this prospect makes you say, "Just show me the data, Steve," then you can stop right after the sales summary section. Or, if your impatience knows no bounds, go straight to the Minnesota Land Economics (MLE) Web site at http://apec.umn.edu/faculty/sjtaff/landdata/index.html and start working the numbers yourself. Farm Land Sales in 2000 Assessors are required to report initial assessments in late fall, based on sales data to date. That's why the data are reported on a "record year" basis: these are the sales that were, presumably, available for assessor scrutiny at the time the initial estimated market-values are calculated. Final values are set by summer, to be used in the succeeding tax year. So, for example, sales made in late 1999 are used by assessors to set initial values for January 2001. These estimates are adjusted in spring 2001, finalized in summer 2001, and then used for tax purposes in 2002. The adjusted record year 2000 sales data were therefore not available until April of this year. Figure 2 shows the distribution of all farmland sales in 2000. The bulk of the sales lie between $500 and $2,000 per acre. I excluded a small number of sales that exceeded $5,000 per acre as well as those involving parcels of land less than 20 acres in size. Both were excluded as not being plausibly "agricultural"--despite their designation on the Certificate of Real Estate Value (CRV) as "agricultural" land. (Although excluded from figure 2, these data are included in the MLE Web site data.) Even though MAE readers and MLE Web site users can view the full distribution of sales prices, most still ask for a single number that somehow captures the story behind the figures. Obviously, for a set of sales that span such a wide range in prices, any single number fails completely to accomplish this end. Movements in averages, while arithmetically correct, usually fail to tell the entire story. The particular average I use in this article is a location- and size-weighted mean (table 1). In last year's farm real estate report ( agecon.lib.umn.edu/mn/mae699.pdf ), I discussed the usefulness of such weighting as well as the desirability of examining sales data at the smallest geographic scale possible. Table 1. Minnesota farm real estate sales summary Record year Number of sales Acres sold Average price* 1996 2,504 263,728 936 1997 2,641 296,803 1,039 1998 2,724 303,968 1,113 1999 2,212 235,359 1,196 2000 2,258 250,979 1,222 * Location- and size-weighted per-acre mean Figure 1 compares the movements of actual sales price averages with those two other estimates of land value--the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) annual state estimates (based on a farmer opinion survey) and the average assessor estimates (the location- and size-weighted mean estimated market value). The University of Minnesota sales prices averages are location- and size-weighted means. The fact that all three (somewhat) independent estimates of farmland real estate values shown in figure 1 move in lockstep adds credence, I believe, to the conclusion that, on average, farmland values really are increasing in Minnesota. Geographic variations in real estate values for the past 11 years are shown in the box-and-whisker plots of figure 3. (District boundaries are shown in figure 4.) The range of sales prices for each district for each year is shown by the endpoints of the vertical lines. The ends of each box show the prices at which 25 percent of the sales were higher (or lower). The median is indicated by the horizontal bar within each box. So, for example, the median Central district farmland sale was about $1,200 per acre, with 25 percent of the sales lower than $750 and 75 percent lower than $1,850 per acre. In previous years' reports, I've noted the wide variation in average price movements among districts. Such differences were accentuated in 2000 by the continued climb of values in the South East district combined with the continued stagnation in the North West district (figure 5) . Farm Sale Data When a Minnesota property is sold, the transaction details must be recorded at the county courthouse on a form called a CRV. On it, the seller attests that such-and-such a property was sold to so-and-so on a certain date for a specific price. Other information about the property (its size, soil characteristics, prior year's estimated market value) is often entered on the CRV as well. Frequently, the per-acre prices that underlie this article and are also shown in the MLE Web site are not the prices entered on the CRV. Long before a land sales figure enters the official data base, it has been passed through an array of filters and adjustments designed to make comparison among transactions more meaningful and more reliable. Recording the Transactions There are many possible slips between an ownership change and data analysis. Of course, there is always the chance that simple recording errors are made. For example, numbers may be miscopied from bills of sale onto the CRV, or into a computer file, or into a spreadsheet. There is also a chance of misrepresentation. The person who fills in the CRV might have a reason to understate or overstate the actual sales price--perhaps to avoid a tax. This, of course, is illegal, but, as any courthouse veteran can tell you, it occasionally happens. Not every sale receives further processing. Local or state officials remove from subsequent analysis any sale not deemed "arms-length," because it was sold, for example, to a member of the seller's immediate family. Or, a sale might be pulled because the new buyer intends to convert the land to a non-agricultural use. Adjusting the Prices After this filtering, sales prices are frequently adjusted to make comparison among sales more appropriate. First, to expunge the effects of inflation, sales prices are deflated by an officially reported rate to January 2 of the year in which they were recorded. This "adjustment for time" is fairly minor in years (like the past decade) where inflation has been low. The second adjustment is "for terms." Not all farm real estate sales are for the full property. Some are made through a contract for deed, an arrangement that allows the buyer to pay a certain amount now and other amounts at stated intervals. Until the final payment is made, the property remains in the possession of the seller--even though it has been "sold." Because the full payment schedule is entered on the CRV, the Department of Revenue can calculate a present value of the initial and subsequent payments at an official discount rate. This becomes the official sales price of the property, regardless of what the buyer and seller had in mind when they sealed the deal. Adjustments don't end with a time- and terms-adjusted sales price, honestly reported and accurately recorded. In most cases, users of the data are interested in per-acre prices, not per-parcel prices. That means some chosen total price must be divided by some total acreage. But which price? Which acres? Should we use the total price or should we first subtract out the value of buildings, personal property, ancillary property, or machinery to get closer to the "true" land price? In this article (and on the MLE Web site), I choose to follow conventions established years ago in Minnesota. I report the time- and terms-adjusted total sales price, minus the value of personal property, divided by the entire acreage of the parcel. That's why, when I'm being careful, I speak of the average price of farm real estate, not of farm land . Employing the Data The sales reported here are only those recorded between October 1, 1999, and September 30, 2000. These "record year 2000" sales are so bundled because of the way real estate transactions are used to help local assessors value land for property tax purposes. Strange as it may seem, the Department of Revenue does not collect sales data merely to satisfy the data cravings of University economists like me. No, statewide sales data are collected principally to create statistics that are used to "equalize" property tax valuations across county boundaries. Each year, county assessors are required to assign an estimated market value (EMV) to each of the thousands of real estate parcels in the county. The estimate is supposed to be based on an examination of similar properties that were actually sold recently. (The combined valuations for each township, city, or county are the source of the Land Values--in contrast to the Farmland Sales--data on the MLE Web site.) Because every county has its own assessor who uses largely independent valuation procedures, there are inevitably discontinuities across county lines--even for adjacent properties. Farmer Brown wonders why Farmer Olson's land, just across the fence line in the next county, carries an assessed value that is lower by $200 per acre. The state has created an equalization procedure that is supposed to smooth over such discontinuities. Assuming that nearby properties really would sell for similar prices, any observed difference in assessed values for otherwise similar properties is presumed to be evidence that one or both of the assessors is either undervaluing (that is, assigning an EMV that is too low) or overvaluing properties. To test this, the state calculates a sales ratio (the EMV divided by sales price) for every property sold in a particular area. If an assessor systematically undervalues properties (shown by sales ratios that are consistently lower than some threshold), the state might demand the EMVs in that jurisdiction be uniformly raised, to better accord with what is thought to be "true" market conditions. How Accurate Are the EMVs? We can see for ourselves how close the final assessor estimates are by comparing actual sales prices against the previous year's estimated market values for the same property (figure 2). Each point in the figure represents one sale. For example, the rightmost point is for a property that was estimated to have a value of $4,900 per acre, but actually sold for only $2,900 per acre. While some of the estimates are obviously way off (like this example), the bulk are pretty close. In most cases, the EMV was lower than the sale price, but in a neatly predictable manner. A simple one-variable regression model, shown as the straight line in the figure, accounts for nearly 75 percent of the observed variation in farm real estate sales prices. Parting Thoughts What accounts for the ever-onward-and-upward movement of average farm real estate prices in Minnesota? We need only to round up the usual suspects, most of which I have discussed at length in previous issues of MAE . These include 1) perennial farmer optimism about future crop and livestock prices, 2) expected extensions of federal farm subsidy programs, 3) continued favorable local property tax treatment for farmland, 4) the desire of some farmers to increase the size of their current operation by buying adjacent farmland, 5) the desire of some non-farm buyers to use land as a hedge against inflation, and 6) inflation itself. An additional suspect that we need to add is the increasing prominence of location even in rural land markets. We simply can't explain current price levels on the basis of income potential (including subsidies) and speculation potential alone. Clearly, where the land sits with respect to job centers and what it looks like is influencing the price buyers are willing to pay for a particular parcel of land. As always, I caution potential land buyers and sellers about reading too much into the average land prices reported here and elsewhere. If you've got land to sell or if you have a hankering to buy land--look before you leap. The financial stakes are too high for casual empiricism. Hire an appraiser. Talk with your spouse. Check your finances. Think about the children. Be careful out there! Steven J. Taff is an associate professor and extension economist with the Department of Applied Economics at the University of Minnesota. Return to Minnesota Ag Economist Newsletter Index Page University of Minnesota Extension Service HomePage