Real Estate Broker License

Real Estate Licensing Real Estate Licensing Home / Licensing /Real Estate Licensing HOW TO OBTAIN A UTAH REAL ESTATE LICENSE A real estate license is required of any person who, for another and forvaluable consideration, negotiates or consummates the sale, lease, exchangeor purchase of real estate. The Utah Real Estate Commission determines the qualifications and therequirements of all applicants for a Utah real estate license. Each applicantis required to provide evidence of honesty, integrity, truthfulness, reputationand competency. Each applicant must pass an examination covering the fundamentalsof the English language, arithmetic, bookkeeping, real estate principalsand practices, the Rules established by the Real Estate Commission and anyother aspect of Utah Real Estate License Law considered appropriate. Please take time to go over the screening questionnaire. Your responses tothese questions could have an impact upon whether or not you are able toobtain a Utah Real Estate license. Additional information and requirements are outlined throughout the followingpages. Screening Questionnaire Sales Agent License Associate Broker License Principal Broker License Opening Own Business Property Management License Branch Offices Non-Resident License ApplicantsLicensed in Other States Reciprocity (between Utah and: Wyoming, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, and Alberta, Canada) Examination Procedure ChangeCard SCREENING QUESTIONNAIRE 1. Do you now hold or have you ever held a real estate license in a state otherthan the state of Utah or in another country? 2. Have you ever had a license to practice in the real estate profession,or any other profession or occupation, denied, restricted, suspended, orrevoked? 3. Have you ever been permitted to resign or surrender your real estate licenseor any other professional license,or have you ever allowed a license to expire while you wereunder investigation, or while action was pending against you by any realestate licensing or other agency? 4. Is any disciplinary action now pending against you by any real estatelicensing or other agency? 5. Are you CURRENTLY under investigation for, or charged with, or have you everbeen convicted of, or pled guilty or no contest to, a felonyor misdemeanor? (If you have had only one misdemeanor conviction or plea and thecase was closed over five years ago, you do not have to answer yes. Caution: DUI's and other alcohol-related traffic offenses may bemisdemeanors. Non-alcohol-related traffic offenses do not need to bedisclosed.) 6. Have you been placed on probation or ordered to pay a fine in connection withany criminal offenseor a licensing action? If you answer YES to this question you will beasked at the time of application for licensure to provide proof of completion ofyour probation and payment of all fines. 7. Have you been ordered to pay restitution in connection with any criminaloffense or licensing action? If you answer YES to this question you willbe asked at the time of application for licensure to provide proof that you havefully complied with the restitution order. 8. Have you had a civil judgment entered against you based on fraud,misrepresentation, or deceit? If you answer YES to this question you will be asked at the time of application for licensure to provide proof that the judgment has been fully satisfied. 9. Are you under 18 years of age? WARNING: IF YOU PASS THE EXAMINATION, YOUR FINGERPRINTS WILL BE TAKEN ANDSUBMITTED FOR A CRIMINAL BACKGROUND CHECK. FAILURE TO ACCURATELY DISCLOSEYOUR CRIMINAL HISTORY WILL RESULT IN IMMEDIATE AND AUTOMATIC REVOCATION OF YOURLICENSE. SALES AGENT LICENSE License Requirements - The applicant for a sales agent license must be at least 18 years ofage. Education Requirements - An applicant for a sales agent license must complete an approved educationalprogram of 90 classroom hours. The subject matter of the course will consistof Real Estate Principals and Practices and Utah Real Estate License Law. All courses must be completed at a Division approved real estateschool . Membership in the Utah State Bar will satisfy this education requirement. Experience will not satisfy the education requirement. Licensing Procedure - Within 90 days after the successful completion of the examination, theapplicant must return the following to the Division: Score Report/License Application - The applicant will provide a score report/license application receivedfrom Promissor ( the professional testing service) which indicates that both the nationaland state portions of the examination have been passed. The passing score report/license application must besigned by the principal broker with whom the applicant will be affiliating.No such signature is required of the applicant who desires inactive status. Education Documentation - The applicant will provide documentation of the successfulcompletion of 90 hours of classroom education taken within the previous year.Documentation will consist of the signed and stamped education certificatelocated in the examination Candidate Handbook, and/or an education waiverissued by the Division. Fees - The fee will include the license fee, the fee for the Recovery Fund, and the fingerprint processing fee. Currently, this totals $151.00. ASSOCIATE BROKER and/or PRINCIPAL BROKER LICENSE License Requirements - The applicant for an associate broker/principal broker license must beat least 18 years of age. The applicant must have a minimum of three years real estate experience and a total of at least 60 points accumulated within the five years prior to licensing. A minimum of two years (24 months) and at least 45 points will be accumulated from Tables I and/or II. The remaining 15 points may be accumulated from tables I, II, or III. The Principal Broker may accumulate additional experience points by having participated in real estate related activities as outlined in Experience Points Table III. Education Requirements - An applicant for an associate broker or principal broker license mustcomplete an approved educational program of 120 hours. The subject matterof the course will consist of 12 classroom hours in Brokerage Management, 24 classroom hours in Advanced Appraisal,24 classroom hours in AdvancedFinance, 24 classroom hours in Property Management, 24 classroom hours in Advanced Real Estate Law, and 12 hours in Utah License Law. All courses mustbe completed at a Division approved real estateschool . The Division may waive all or part of the education requirement by virtueof equivalent education. Education waivers may be granted only by the Division.To obtain an education waiver, the applicant must provide to the Divisionvalid documentation of his/her equivalent education. Experience will not satisfy the education requirement. Licensing Procedure - Please refer to the following information and forms (Broker Application Packet) Application for a Broker License Procedures Checklist Requirements for Obtaining a Real Estate Broker License Experience Points Tables (Rule 162-2.2.5) Documentation of Full Time Experience Real Estate Sales/Leasing Transaction Log Real Estate Property Management Transaction Log Brokerage Verification Form OPENING OWN BUSINESS If the applicant wishes to open his/her own business, the following isalso required: Business Name Approval - The principal broker applicant must submit evidence that the name underwhich he/she will be doing business has been registered and is approved bythe Division of Corporations, Utah Department of Commerce. The Division ofReal Estate will not accept a proposed company name that may mislead thepublic into thinking they are not dealing with a real estate brokerage orproperty management company. Company Registration - The principal broker applicant must submit a Company Application on theform required by the Division. Evidence of Trust Account - The principal broker applicant shall submit documentation from a financialinstitution that is less than 30 days old verifying the applicant's trustaccount. Change Cards - A Change Card must be submitted for each agent who will be affiliatingwith the principal broker. Fees - Appropriate fees for company registration mustbe submitted. Currently this fee is $25.00. PROPERTY MANAGEMENT LICENSE License Requirement - All persons who, for another and for valuable consideration, engage inproperty management must hold a current Utah real estate license to functionas a property manager. Property management is defined as providing the followingservices which may include, but are not limited to: Advertising real estate for lease or rent. Procuring prospective tenants or lessees. Negotiating lease or rental terms. Executing lease or rental agreements. This requirement does not apply to: An owner who manages his/her own property. A regular salaried employee of the owner of real estate who manages property owned by the employer. Apartment managers who manage the apartments at which they reside in exchange for free or reduced rent on their apartments. A full time salaried employee of a homeowners association who manages units subject to the declaration of condominium, which established the homeowners association. Individuals who, as employees of a licensed property management company, provide prospective tenants with access to vacant apartments, provide secretarial, bookkeeping, maintenance or rent-collecting services, quote predetermined rent and lease terms, and fill out preprinted lease or rental agreements, the terms of which are not negotiable by the person completing the form. Broker Supervision - All property management conducted by a sales agent or associate brokermust be supervised by the principal broker with whom the licensee isaffiliated. S EPARATE PROPERTY MANAGEMENT COMPANY A principal broker may be granted a license to operate a property managementcompany separate from an existing real estate brokerage upon compliance withthe following conditions: Application - The principal broker, as a single proprietor or a company, must obtainan additional broker's license by submitting an application on the form requiredby the Division together with the license fee plus the fee for the RecoveryFund. Business Name Approval - The applicant must submit evidence that the name of the new company hasbeen registered and is approved by the Division of Corporations, Utah Departmentof Commerce. The Division of Real Estate will not accept a proposed companyname that may mislead the public into thinking they are not dealing witha real estate brokerage or property management company. Company Registration - The principal broker applicant must submit a Company Application on theform required by the Division. Evidence of Trust Account - The principal broker applicant shall submit documentation from a financialinstitution that is less than 30 days old verifying the applicant's trustaccount. Affiliated Licensees - The principal broker must designate with which company each of the licenseesaffiliated with him/her will be located - either the real estate brokerageor the property management company. Property Management Company Only - No Brokerage - If a principal broker (an individual or company) wants to operate a propertymanagement company only AND does not operate a real estate brokerage, theprincipal broker may do so by the same procedure as for opening a real estatebrokerage. Fees - Appropriate fees for company registration mustbe submitted. Currently this fee is $25.00. BRANCH OFFICES A branch office is a real estate office affiliated with and operating underthe same name as a principal brokerage but located at a different address.A branch office must be registered with the Division of Real Estate priorto operation. Application - To register a branch office, the principal broker must submit to the Division,on the forms required by the Division, the location of the branch, the nameof the branch manager and the names of all associate brokers and sales agentsassigned to the branch. He/she must also submit trust account documentationthat is less than thirty days old of a valid trust account. This accountcan be the same trust account used by the main office. Branch Manager - Each branch office must have an associate broker as a branch manager whowill actively manage the office. Fees - Appropriate fees for company registration mustbe submitted. Currently this fee is $25.00. NON-RESIDENT LICENSE A person who is actively licensed and in good standing in anotherstate as a real estate principal broker, associate broker or sales agentmay be issued an equivalent license in Utah by successfully completing specificeducation hours required by the Division with the concurrence of the Commission,and by passing the state and, in some cases, the general portion of the Utahreal estate licensing examination. The general portion of the exam may notbe waived for licensees from California due to the way California administerstheir exam. If the license in another state is expired, the applicant will be required to comply with all of Utah'sprelicensing requirements. Education and examination waivers will not beprovided if the license has expired. The applicant must also comply with each of the following requirements: Application - The applicant must submit an application for examination and license inaccordance with the requirements of the state of Utah. License History - Proof of licensure and disciplinary action, if any, (a "history letter")from each state in which the applicant has been licensed. Education Documentation - A waiver toward the Utah education requirement may be granted for educationtaken in another state. The applicant must provide to the Division validdocumentation of any certified real estate education taken in another statethat correlates with the education requirement of the state of Utah. Validdocumentation shall show proof of completion of the subject matter, the dateof completion and the number of classroom hours of each course taken. The application will be required to take a minimum of 12 classroom hoursin Utah License Law and may be required to take additional real estate educationhours. The applicant will be notified by the Division of his/her specificeducation requirements in the form of a "waiver letter." WAIVER LETTER - Upon receipt of the "license history" and the documentation of previouslycompleted real estate education, the Division will determine how many hours,if any, of Utah's education requirement may be waived and how many hoursthe applicant will still be required to complete before he/she will be allowedto sit for the examination. The licensee will be notified of his/her educationrequirements in the form of a "waiver letter." If applicable, the "waiverletter" will also indicate whether the general (national) portion of thelicensing examination will be waived. The "waiver letter" must be presented: to the school to show the number of education hours required of the candidate, at the time of the examination, and at the time of application for licensure. EXAMINATION - If the applicant has been actively licensed in another state for the precedingtwo years, he/she will be required to take only the Utah state portion ofthe examination. If the applicant has been on an inactive status in anotherstate for any portion of the past two years, he/she will be required to takeboth the national and Utah state portions of the examination. The general portion of the exam may not be waived for licensees from California due to the way California administers their exam. TRUST ACCOUNT - If the applicant is a principal broker, he/she must establish a real estatetrust account in this state. CONSENT TO SERVICE - Upon applying for licensure, the applicant must submit to the Divisionan irrevocable written consent allowing service of process on the Commissionor the Division. PRINCIPAL BROKER AFFILIATION - If the applicant is an associate broker or sales agent, the principalbroker with whom he/she is affiliated must hold an active Utah license. APPLICANTS LICENSED IN OTHER STATES A person who is licensed in another state as a real estate principalbroker, associate broker or sales agent may become licensed in Utah by successfully completing specific education hours requiredby the Division with the concurrence of the Commission, and by passing thestate and, in some cases, the general portion of the Utah real estate licensingexamination. The general portion of the exam may not be waived forlicensees from California due to the way California administers their exam. If the license in another state is expired, the applicant will be required to comply with all of Utah'sprelicensing requirements. Education and examination waivers will not beprovided. The applicant must also comply with each of the following requirements: Application - The applicant must submit an application for examination and license inaccordance with the requirements of the state of Utah. License History - The applicant must be or have been licensed as a principal broker, associatebroker or sales agent in another state. Proof of licensure (a "history letter")from the regulatory agency of each state of previous licensure must be providedto the Division of Real Estate. Education Documentation - A waiver toward the Utah education requirement may be granted for educationtaken in another state. The applicant must provide to the Division validdocumentation of any certified real estate education taken in another statethat correlates with the education requirement of the state of Utah. Validdocumentation shall show proof of completion of the subject matter, the dateof completion and the number of classroom hours of each course taken. The applicant will be required to take a minimum of 12 classroom hours inUtah License Law, and may be required to take additional real estate educationhours. The applicant will be notified by the Division of his/her specificeducation requirements in the form of a "waiver letter." WAIVER LETTER - Upon receipt of the "license history" and the documentation of previouslycompleted real estate education, the Division will determine how many hours,if any, of Utah's education requirement may be waived and how many hoursthe applicant will still be required to complete before he/she will be allowedto sit for the examination. The licensee will be notified of his/her educationrequirements in the form of a "waiver letter." If applicable, the "waiverletter" will also indicate whether the general (national) portion of thelicensing examination will be waived. The general portion of the exam may not be waived forlicensees from California due to the way California administers their exam. The "waiver letter" must be presented: to the school to show the number of education hours required of the candidate, at the time of the examination, and at the time of application for licensure. EXAMINATION - If the applicant has been actively licensed in another state for the precedingtwo years, he/she will be required to take only the Utah state portion ofthe examination. If the applicant has been on an inactive status in anotherstate for any portion of the past two years, he/she will be required to takeboth the national and Utah state portions of the examination. The general portion of the exam may not be waived for licensees from California due to the way California administers their exam. RECIPROCITY The State of Utah currently has signed reciprocity agreements with Wyoming, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, and Alberta, Canada. To apply for reciprocity, send us a written request for licensing through reciprocity, including what states you currently have and previously have had a license in, as well as your contact information. Have the state(s) send a certified license history to us (see contact information ). The reciprocal state MUST show that your license is on an active status. Once we receive your written request and the certified license history/histories, we will generate an application form for you. We will also send you: a questionnaire, the Consent To Service form and acknowledgement, which must be signed and notarized; 2 fingerprint cards; and the fingerprint waiver form (fingerprints required for sales agent applicants only - not for broker applicants). Fingerprints must be obtained by the applicant. The application and other relevant forms must be completed and submitted with the $100 licensing fee and $12 recovery fund fee for sales agents or $18 recovery fund fee for brokers (plus $39 fingerprint processing fee for sales agent applicants). If a broker applicant wishes to open his or her own company, additional paperwork and fees are required. See " Opening Own Business " information above. EXAMINATION PROCEDURE Education - Before an applicant will be allowed to sit for the examination, he/shemust have completely satisfied the appropriate educational requirement. Application - The candidate should obtain the Candidate Handbook from the pre-licensingschool. This handbook will outline the procedure for registering for andtaking the examination. Date/Location - The examination will be given twice daily (Tuesday thru Saturday) in theSalt Lake City area. The examination is also available at the testing centersin Provo, Ogden, Las Vegas, Nevada, and Grand Junction, Colorado. Waiver Letter - Any candidate who is granted a waiver of the general portion of theexamination must submit proof of such waiver from the Division at the timeof application. Questions - The test consists of 80 questions on the general portion of the examination,40 questions for sales agents and 50 questions for brokers on the state portionof the examination. Both the general and state portions of the examinationmust be passed within a six-month period of time. More Information - Please refer to the Candidate Handbook for complete details on takingthe examination. Special Services - The testing center complies with the provisions of the Americans withDisabilities Act (42 USCS Section 12101 et seq.). If the candidate has adisabling condition, he/she may request special testing services. The disabilitymust be verified by a professional who is qualified to diagnose and documentthe disability. Utah Department of Commerce Home | Utah Division of Real Estate Home | Contact the Division of Real Estate | Site Map | Links

Real Estate Prices Still

Agricultural Economist Newsletter: Winter 2001--Farm Real Estate Prices Still Rising in Minnesota Farm Real Estate Prices Still Rising in Minnesota Steven J. Taff Average Minnesota farm real estate sales prices just keep on climbing (figure 1). This despite low output prices, rising input costs, and continued uncertainty about the future of federal subsidies. Sales price increases were seen in all parts of the state except in the northwest. In this annual sales price summary, I can provide only an overview, some cursory analysis, and--as always--a few opinions. I'll not bore you with text that simply repeats what's already shown in the charts. Instead I'll spend some time discussing how land transaction data are recorded, adjusted, and employed. I think it's useful to go through some administrative and procedural details to further our understanding of what these data are and what they are not. If this prospect makes you say, "Just show me the data, Steve," then you can stop right after the sales summary section. Or, if your impatience knows no bounds, go straight to the Minnesota Land Economics (MLE) Web site at http://apec.umn.edu/faculty/sjtaff/landdata/index.html and start working the numbers yourself. Farm Land Sales in 2000 Assessors are required to report initial assessments in late fall, based on sales data to date. That's why the data are reported on a "record year" basis: these are the sales that were, presumably, available for assessor scrutiny at the time the initial estimated market-values are calculated. Final values are set by summer, to be used in the succeeding tax year. So, for example, sales made in late 1999 are used by assessors to set initial values for January 2001. These estimates are adjusted in spring 2001, finalized in summer 2001, and then used for tax purposes in 2002. The adjusted record year 2000 sales data were therefore not available until April of this year. Figure 2 shows the distribution of all farmland sales in 2000. The bulk of the sales lie between $500 and $2,000 per acre. I excluded a small number of sales that exceeded $5,000 per acre as well as those involving parcels of land less than 20 acres in size. Both were excluded as not being plausibly "agricultural"--despite their designation on the Certificate of Real Estate Value (CRV) as "agricultural" land. (Although excluded from figure 2, these data are included in the MLE Web site data.) Even though MAE readers and MLE Web site users can view the full distribution of sales prices, most still ask for a single number that somehow captures the story behind the figures. Obviously, for a set of sales that span such a wide range in prices, any single number fails completely to accomplish this end. Movements in averages, while arithmetically correct, usually fail to tell the entire story. The particular average I use in this article is a location- and size-weighted mean (table 1). In last year's farm real estate report ( agecon.lib.umn.edu/mn/mae699.pdf ), I discussed the usefulness of such weighting as well as the desirability of examining sales data at the smallest geographic scale possible. Table 1. Minnesota farm real estate sales summary Record year Number of sales Acres sold Average price* 1996 2,504 263,728 936 1997 2,641 296,803 1,039 1998 2,724 303,968 1,113 1999 2,212 235,359 1,196 2000 2,258 250,979 1,222 * Location- and size-weighted per-acre mean Figure 1 compares the movements of actual sales price averages with those two other estimates of land value--the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) annual state estimates (based on a farmer opinion survey) and the average assessor estimates (the location- and size-weighted mean estimated market value). The University of Minnesota sales prices averages are location- and size-weighted means. The fact that all three (somewhat) independent estimates of farmland real estate values shown in figure 1 move in lockstep adds credence, I believe, to the conclusion that, on average, farmland values really are increasing in Minnesota. Geographic variations in real estate values for the past 11 years are shown in the box-and-whisker plots of figure 3. (District boundaries are shown in figure 4.) The range of sales prices for each district for each year is shown by the endpoints of the vertical lines. The ends of each box show the prices at which 25 percent of the sales were higher (or lower). The median is indicated by the horizontal bar within each box. So, for example, the median Central district farmland sale was about $1,200 per acre, with 25 percent of the sales lower than $750 and 75 percent lower than $1,850 per acre. In previous years' reports, I've noted the wide variation in average price movements among districts. Such differences were accentuated in 2000 by the continued climb of values in the South East district combined with the continued stagnation in the North West district (figure 5) . Farm Sale Data When a Minnesota property is sold, the transaction details must be recorded at the county courthouse on a form called a CRV. On it, the seller attests that such-and-such a property was sold to so-and-so on a certain date for a specific price. Other information about the property (its size, soil characteristics, prior year's estimated market value) is often entered on the CRV as well. Frequently, the per-acre prices that underlie this article and are also shown in the MLE Web site are not the prices entered on the CRV. Long before a land sales figure enters the official data base, it has been passed through an array of filters and adjustments designed to make comparison among transactions more meaningful and more reliable. Recording the Transactions There are many possible slips between an ownership change and data analysis. Of course, there is always the chance that simple recording errors are made. For example, numbers may be miscopied from bills of sale onto the CRV, or into a computer file, or into a spreadsheet. There is also a chance of misrepresentation. The person who fills in the CRV might have a reason to understate or overstate the actual sales price--perhaps to avoid a tax. This, of course, is illegal, but, as any courthouse veteran can tell you, it occasionally happens. Not every sale receives further processing. Local or state officials remove from subsequent analysis any sale not deemed "arms-length," because it was sold, for example, to a member of the seller's immediate family. Or, a sale might be pulled because the new buyer intends to convert the land to a non-agricultural use. Adjusting the Prices After this filtering, sales prices are frequently adjusted to make comparison among sales more appropriate. First, to expunge the effects of inflation, sales prices are deflated by an officially reported rate to January 2 of the year in which they were recorded. This "adjustment for time" is fairly minor in years (like the past decade) where inflation has been low. The second adjustment is "for terms." Not all farm real estate sales are for the full property. Some are made through a contract for deed, an arrangement that allows the buyer to pay a certain amount now and other amounts at stated intervals. Until the final payment is made, the property remains in the possession of the seller--even though it has been "sold." Because the full payment schedule is entered on the CRV, the Department of Revenue can calculate a present value of the initial and subsequent payments at an official discount rate. This becomes the official sales price of the property, regardless of what the buyer and seller had in mind when they sealed the deal. Adjustments don't end with a time- and terms-adjusted sales price, honestly reported and accurately recorded. In most cases, users of the data are interested in per-acre prices, not per-parcel prices. That means some chosen total price must be divided by some total acreage. But which price? Which acres? Should we use the total price or should we first subtract out the value of buildings, personal property, ancillary property, or machinery to get closer to the "true" land price? In this article (and on the MLE Web site), I choose to follow conventions established years ago in Minnesota. I report the time- and terms-adjusted total sales price, minus the value of personal property, divided by the entire acreage of the parcel. That's why, when I'm being careful, I speak of the average price of farm real estate, not of farm land . Employing the Data The sales reported here are only those recorded between October 1, 1999, and September 30, 2000. These "record year 2000" sales are so bundled because of the way real estate transactions are used to help local assessors value land for property tax purposes. Strange as it may seem, the Department of Revenue does not collect sales data merely to satisfy the data cravings of University economists like me. No, statewide sales data are collected principally to create statistics that are used to "equalize" property tax valuations across county boundaries. Each year, county assessors are required to assign an estimated market value (EMV) to each of the thousands of real estate parcels in the county. The estimate is supposed to be based on an examination of similar properties that were actually sold recently. (The combined valuations for each township, city, or county are the source of the Land Values--in contrast to the Farmland Sales--data on the MLE Web site.) Because every county has its own assessor who uses largely independent valuation procedures, there are inevitably discontinuities across county lines--even for adjacent properties. Farmer Brown wonders why Farmer Olson's land, just across the fence line in the next county, carries an assessed value that is lower by $200 per acre. The state has created an equalization procedure that is supposed to smooth over such discontinuities. Assuming that nearby properties really would sell for similar prices, any observed difference in assessed values for otherwise similar properties is presumed to be evidence that one or both of the assessors is either undervaluing (that is, assigning an EMV that is too low) or overvaluing properties. To test this, the state calculates a sales ratio (the EMV divided by sales price) for every property sold in a particular area. If an assessor systematically undervalues properties (shown by sales ratios that are consistently lower than some threshold), the state might demand the EMVs in that jurisdiction be uniformly raised, to better accord with what is thought to be "true" market conditions. How Accurate Are the EMVs? We can see for ourselves how close the final assessor estimates are by comparing actual sales prices against the previous year's estimated market values for the same property (figure 2). Each point in the figure represents one sale. For example, the rightmost point is for a property that was estimated to have a value of $4,900 per acre, but actually sold for only $2,900 per acre. While some of the estimates are obviously way off (like this example), the bulk are pretty close. In most cases, the EMV was lower than the sale price, but in a neatly predictable manner. A simple one-variable regression model, shown as the straight line in the figure, accounts for nearly 75 percent of the observed variation in farm real estate sales prices. Parting Thoughts What accounts for the ever-onward-and-upward movement of average farm real estate prices in Minnesota? We need only to round up the usual suspects, most of which I have discussed at length in previous issues of MAE . These include 1) perennial farmer optimism about future crop and livestock prices, 2) expected extensions of federal farm subsidy programs, 3) continued favorable local property tax treatment for farmland, 4) the desire of some farmers to increase the size of their current operation by buying adjacent farmland, 5) the desire of some non-farm buyers to use land as a hedge against inflation, and 6) inflation itself. An additional suspect that we need to add is the increasing prominence of location even in rural land markets. We simply can't explain current price levels on the basis of income potential (including subsidies) and speculation potential alone. Clearly, where the land sits with respect to job centers and what it looks like is influencing the price buyers are willing to pay for a particular parcel of land. As always, I caution potential land buyers and sellers about reading too much into the average land prices reported here and elsewhere. If you've got land to sell or if you have a hankering to buy land--look before you leap. The financial stakes are too high for casual empiricism. Hire an appraiser. Talk with your spouse. Check your finances. Think about the children. Be careful out there! Steven J. Taff is an associate professor and extension economist with the Department of Applied Economics at the University of Minnesota. Return to Minnesota Ag Economist Newsletter Index Page University of Minnesota Extension Service HomePage

Real estate brokers and

CA Real Estate License School for Broker's and Salespersons Directory of Schools HOME | CONTACT | FEATURED DEGREES | SCHOOL GUIDE | RESOURCES Current Users Online Real Estate License School for Brokers Salespersons and Agents ONLINE PROGRAMS Accounting Degree Advertising & Marketing Appraisal License USPAP Art Schools Online Associate Degrees Bachelor Degrees Broker Real Estate License Business & E-Commerce Canadian Online Schools Christian Education Computer Science Criminal Justice Degrees Engineering Colleges GED High School Diploma US High School Directory Graphic Designer Health Care Homeland Security Home Inspector Hotel & Restaurant Human Services Interior Design Information Technology MBA - Masters Programs Natural Health Schools Nursing - RN to BSN Paralegal - Law Degrees Psychology Programs Real Estate School Teaching - Teachers (CTE) US Military Web Development CAMPUS PROGRAMS Accounting Advertising Universities Arts & Design Auto Mechanic AutoCAD & Drafting Aviation Mechanic Business Schools Computer Programming Continuing Education Criminal Justice Culinary & Cooking Dental Office Assistant Diesel Mechanic Training English (ESL) College Engineering Courses Fashion Design Fashion Merchandising Film & Photography Graphic Design Gunsmithing Training Heating - HVAC/R Health Claims Specialist HomeLand Security Hotel & Restaurant Interior Design Information Technology IT Training & Certification Massage Therapy Medical Administrative Medical Billing & Coding Motorcycle Mechanic Microsoft Certifications Nursing Office Software Training Pharmacy Technician Paralegal & Law Real Estate Schools Refrigeration Air Conditioning Surgical Technologists Technology Travel & Tourism Veterinary Science Video Game Art Webmaster Certification Program Offerings: Online Real Estate Licence Renewals for the State of California for Brokers, Salesperson and Agents. We also offer Real Estate Appraisal Licenses for the States of California, Utah, Washington, Wyoming, South Dakota, Idaho, Iowa, Wisconsin, Louisiana, Virginia and the District of Columbia. Highlights for Real Estate, Agents, Brokers & Salespersons Real estate brokers and sales agents often work evenings and weekends, and are always on call to suit the needs of clients. A license is required in every State and the District of Columbia. Our feature schools offer accredited licence for newcomer and renewals for the professional. Well-trained, ambitious people who enjoy selling should have the best chance for success in the field of Real Estate. Real Estate Brokers - Salespersons - Agents One of the most complex and important financial events in peoples lives is the purchase or sale of a home or investment property. As a result, people usually seek the help of real estate brokers and sales agents or salesperson when buying or selling real estate. Real estate brokers and sales agents have a thorough knowledge of the real estate market in their community. They know which neighborhoods will best fit clients needs and budgets. They are familiar with local zoning and tax laws and know where to obtain financing. Agents and brokers also act as an intermediary in price negotiations between buyers and sellers. Real estate agents usually are independent sales workers who provide their services to a licensed real estate broker on a contract basis. In return, the broker pays the agent a portion of the commission earned from the agent's sale of the property. Brokers are independent business people who sell real estate owned by others; they also may rent and manage properties for a fee. When selling real estate, brokers arrange for title searches and for meetings between buyers and sellers where details of the transactions are agreed upon and the new owners take possession. A broker may help to arrange favorable financing from a lender for the prospective buyer that often makes the difference between success and failure in closing a sale. In some cases, brokers and agents assume primary responsibility for closing sales; in others, lawyers or lenders do this. Brokers supervise agents who may have many of the same job duties. Brokers also manage their own offices, advertise properties, and handle other business matters. Some combine other types of work, such as selling insurance or practicing law, with their real estate business. There is more to an agent or broker's job than making sales. They must have properties to sell. Consequently, they spend a significant amount of time obtaining listings owner agreements to place properties for sale with the firm. When listing a property for sale, agents and brokers compare the listed property with similar properties that have recently sold to determine its competitive market price. Once the property is sold, the agent who sold the property and the agent who obtained the listing both receive a portion of the commission. Thus, agents who sell a property they also listed can increase their commission. Most real estate brokers and sales agents sell residential property. A small number, usually employed in large or specialized firms, sell commercial, industrial, agricultural, or other types of real estate. Every specialty requires knowledge of that particular type of property and clientele. Selling or leasing business property requires an understanding of leasing practices, business trends, and location needs. Agents who sell or lease industrial properties must know about the region's transportation, utilities, and labor supply. Whatever the type of property, the agent or broker must know how to meet the client's particular requirements. Before showing residential properties to potential buyers, agents meet with buyers to get a feeling for the type of home the buyers would like. In this pre qualifying phase, the agent determines how much buyers can afford to spend. In addition, they usually sign a loyalty contract which states the agent will be the only one to show them houses. An agent or broker uses a computer to generate lists of properties for sale, their location and description, and available sources of financing. In some cases, agents and brokers use computers to give buyers a virtual tour of properties in which they are interested. Buyers can view interior and exterior images or floor plans without leaving the real estate office. Agents may meet several times with prospective buyers to discuss and visit available properties. Agents identify and emphasize the most pertinent selling points. To a young family looking for a house, they may emphasize the convenient floor plan, the area's low crime rate, and the proximity to schools and shopping centers. To a potential investor, they may point out the tax advantages of owning a rental property and the ease of finding a renter. If bargaining over price becomes necessary, agents must carefully follow their client's instructions and may have to present counter-offers in order to get the best possible price. Once both parties have signed the contract, the real estate broker or agent must see to it that all special terms of the contract are met before the closing date. For example, the agent must make sure the mandated and agreed-to inspections, including the home, termite, and radon inspections, take place. Also, if the seller agrees to any repairs, the broker or agent must see they are made. Increasingly, brokers and agents handle environmental problems by making sure the properties they sell meet environmental regulations. For example, they may be responsible for dealing with lead paint on the walls. While loan officers, attorneys, or other persons handle many details, the agent must ensure that they are completed. 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