Foreclosure Property

Department of Revenue: Property Tax Real Property Foreclosure Text-Only Site State Directory Agencies A-Z Accessibility Advanced Help -- Department of Revenue: Property Tax Search About Us Contact Us Forms Publications Appeals Appraiser Registration Cartography/Maps Exemption Grapevine Industrial Property Local Budget Personal Property Property Tax Deferral Statistics Timber Utility Property Real Property Foreclosure Foreclosure is a legal proceeding by which the county enforces payment of real property taxes. The county acquires legal title to a property if the taxes aren’t paid by a certain date. In Oregon, real property is normally subject to foreclosure three years after the taxes become delinquent. When are taxes delinquent? Property taxes can be paid in full by November 15 or in three installments: November 15, February 15, and May 15. If the taxes are not paid in full by May 16 they are delinquent. May 16 of the following year they are one year delinquent; May 16 of the next year they are two years delinquent; May 16 of the year after they are three years delinquent. The property is subject to foreclosure when the taxes are three years delinquent. Delinquency notices You will receive notices to tell you about the foreclosure process. The tax statement you receive each year shows delinquent taxes and the current year’s taxes. Also on the statement is the delinquent year that causes the property to be subject to foreclosure. If the tax on your property is unpaid after May 15 of any year, you will get a delinquency notice telling you the date after which foreclosure proceedings will begin. Counties must send another delinquency notice by both regular and certified mail before the foreclosure list is published in the newspaper. Foreclosure procedures The following is a brief description of the steps involved in the foreclosure process. Action taken by county A list of all properties subject to foreclosure is prepared in July of each year for accounts with property taxes three years delinquent. Lienholders may ask to be notified if a certain property is subject to foreclosure. One month after the foreclosure list is prepared, the district attorney applies for a judgment and decree through the circuit court. The foreclosure list is published the same day. Notice of the foreclosure is run in a newspaper of general circulation in the county. Notice of foreclosure may be made by personal service. A judgment and decree is secured from the circuit court not less than 30 days after the application for judgment and decree. After that, you have two years to redeem property. Only the following can redeem property: (l) a person with an interest in the property at the date of judgment and decree, (2) an heir or devisee of a person with an interest in the property, (3) a holder of a lien of record on the property, such as a mortgage company, and (4) a municipal corporation with a lien on the property, such as a city or sewer district. All persons with a legally recorded interest in the property are notified by both regular and certified mail that the period of redemption will end. The tax collector is responsible for providing this notice. The notification is to be made not less than one year before the expiration of the redemption period. A “Notice of Expiration of Redemption Period” is published in two weekly issues of a newspaper. This occurs not more than 30 days nor less than 10 days before the expiration of the redemption period. The tax collector deeds the property to the county at the end of the redemption period. All taxes are canceled and the property is removed from the tax roll. Within certain limits, the county is free to sell the property to the former owner at a private sale. Taxpayer's course of action Your property can be removed from the foreclosure list before publication if you pay the full tax and interest for the year(s) causing foreclosure. Interest is 1-1/3 percent per month. After the foreclosure list is given to the newspaper for publication, you can remove your property from the foreclosure list by paying the full tax and interest for the year(s) causing foreclosure and a penalty of 5 percent of the total tax and interest owed on the property. If you believe the property should not be included in the foreclosure process, you must file your reasons with the court within 30 days after the publication. Once judgment and decree is granted by the circuit court the two-year redemption period commences. To get your property back during this period, you must pay all taxes and interest for all years shown on the judgment and decree, the 5 percent penalty, interest on the judgment, plus a $50 redemption fee. Once the county sends the certified notice that the redemption period will end in one year this fee may increase. The county will do a title search on the property before it sends the certified notice. If it costs the county more than $50 to have a title search done on the property, you must pay the actual cost. Interest on the total amount of judgment and decree is 9 percent per year. You keep title to your property up to the time the tax collector deeds the property to the county. If you damage or destroy the property in any way during the period of redemption, you lose your rights to own the property. You have lost all rights to the property after the tax collector deeds the property to the county. You may ask the county court or board of county commissioners to sell the property at a private sale. The board may do so, but does not have to. Questions? Telephone: Salem 503-945-8293 Toll-free within Oregon 1-800-356-4222 TTY (hearing or speech impaired; machine only): 503-945-8617 (Salem) or 1-800-886-7204 (toll-free within Oregon). Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA): This information is available in alternative formats. Call 503-378-4988 (Salem) or 1-800-356-4222 (toll-free within Oregon). Asistencia en español. Llame al 503-945-8618 en Salem. 150-310-671 (Rev. 8-02) Text Only | State Directory | Agencies A-Z | About Oregon.gov | Site Map | File Formats | OAR | ORS | Privacy Policy | Web Site Feedback

Land For Sale

Missouri Real Estate MultiList - Homes, Land, Farms and Commercial Property For Sale Missouri Real Estate MultiList Homes, Land, Farms and Commercial Property For Sale Search Missouri MLS Real Estate For Sale Search for Real Estate in other states Home List of Agencies Agencies By City Agencies By County Missouri Info Real Estate Services Interesting Links Contact Us U.S. Lots Visit Our Blog! Welcome to the Missouri Real Estate MultiList - an independent searchable MLS database for Homes, Land, Farms and Commercial Property. The Missouri MultiList contains a wide selection of Missouri homes, land, farms and commercial property for sale . Search listings from many different MO Real Estate Agencies - farms, ranches, land, homes, rural, commercial property. We have Southern, Southeast, Southwest, Northern, Northeast, Northwest and Central real estate for sale in Missouri. Under the description of each listing, we provide a website link to the listing agency having the property listed. We encourage you to visit the individual agency web sites having properties you might be interested in, or you can request information directly from the information page on each real estate listings. You can find additional local area information and Missouri Maps and Information on the many agency sites listed here. Thanks for visiting the Missouri Realestate MultiList . If you have questions or need assistance, please do not hesitate to contact us. Real Estate Term of the Day for Thursday, December 29, 2005 Net Effective Income: The borrower's gross income minus federal income tax. Link to Us ©1998-2005 U.S. Cybertek, Inc., All Rights Reserved U.S. Cybertek, Inc. 350 W A. Suite #104, Casper, WY 82601 Phone: 417-967-2011 Website: http://www.uscybertek.com E-mail: webmaster@uscybertek.com The Missouri Real Estate Multi List, is an advertising resource for real estate agencies and is not involved in any real estate transaction. "Missouri Real Estate MultiList" and "Missouri MultiList" are Trademarks of U.S. Cybertek, Inc. Real Estate MultiList

Sell House Doctors House

How To Sell - House Doctors Channel4.com Text Only [ News | Film | Homes | Life | Entertainment | History | Science | Community | Shop ] | Sport | Culture | Cars | Money | Broadband | Learning | Health | Dating | Games ] [ Text Only: Homepage ] [ Graphical: Channel4 Homepage ] [an error occurred while processing this directive] page1 How To Sell House Doctors House doctors (also known as property presentation consultants, home stagers, house stylists…) offer professional help to people having problems selling their property. They'll give impartial advice on why your home isn't being snapped up and help with styling, or staging, your property in order to achieve a quick sale. There is evidence that house doctors really work. Their websites are full of stories of not only having helped people to sell within a short space of time, but of actually adding thousands of pounds onto the value of their property in the process. This is achieved with advice on tidying away clutter, repairing signs of wear and tear, carrying out necessary redecorating work, 'dressing' the property and how to hold a viewing. Where can I find one? Already massive in the US, house doctors are still very much a new idea in the UK. However, there are many small, local interior design or property renovation companies that offer a house doctoring service. The best way to find these is to look out for advertisements in your local paper. Some house doctors cover the nation as a whole: Property Presentation Services, Homestagers and The Final Touch are three of the most successful. What will it cost me? Daphne Leck of Property Presentation Services offers an obligation-free discussion in the first instance. Thereafter, the minimum fee is £250 for two visits, one before any work is done and one after. This includes a written report on each room and advice up to the point of selling, including how to choose an estate agent. PPS offer a consultation service: that is, they do not do the actual work themselves, but they can recommend and source materials and services. Home Stagers, run by interior designer Tina Jesson, is a UK-wide network of experts who have been trained and awarded an Open College Network-accredited professional certificate. Consultants offer services throughout the home ownership process. A Home Consultation costs £160 & includes a written report, online marketing and a 'Viewings Into Offers' guide. The Home Stagers website is content-rich and offers tips, free online advice and photo consultations. The Final Touch, run by interior designer Suzy Maas and estate agent Lottie Sanger, is London-based but will travel depending on the size of the project. They offer a written report after their initial visit, for which they charge £50 an hour. Should you choose to follow their advice, the couple then charge £450 a day plus VAT for two people's work re-presenting the property, including sourcing of all equipment and materials.

Colorado Real Estate

State of Colorado-Department of Regulatory Agencies - Division of Real Estate Home Page Debbie Campagnola Director To promote a balanced and sensible approach to regulation that protects the public interest and supports economic growth. Information about Appraisers Information about Brokers Activities || Funding Sources || Trends Activities The Division of Real Estate regulates real estate appraisers, salespersons and brokers through licensure and discipline. Licensees must comply with established educational and experience requirements, and pass a test prior to licensure. Earnest money deposits and escrow and trust funds are regulated by the Division. The Division's objectives are to: Provide public protection to the citizens of the State of Colorado from incompetent and dishonest persons in the real estate and appraiser professions, and from unscrupulous or financially unsound subdivision developers. Mitigate financial loss to the public resulting from real estate fraud and theft. The objectives are met through the following activities: I. Licensing real estate brokers and appraisers and registering time share and raw land subdivision developers under the jurisdiction of the Real Estate Commission. II. Enforcing laws by investigating complaints, conducting investigative and routine financial audits, and administering disciplinary action. III. Administering a mandatory Errors and Omissions Insurance Program. IV. Communicating, to include anticipating and responding to the public need for effective information and assistance. The Division regulates time share projects sold in Colorado, and regulates developers of subdivisions consisting of 20 or more residential sites, tracts or lots that are not required to be approved by another state planning authority. A five-member Commission meets monthly to conduct rule making hearings, make policy decisions, consider licensing matters, review complaints and take disciplinary action against licensees. Commission members serve three-year terms, and members are appointed as follows: three real estate brokers, one person with expertise in subdivision development, and one public member. License verification can be found on line through the License Database. For information regarding disciplinary actions consult the online Disciplinary Documents . Persons wishing to file a complaint against a licensee should send a written complaint to the Division. See Complaint Process. The Division also regulates real estate appraisers pursuant to the requirements of the Federal Real Estate Appraisal Reform Amendments of the Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989. The Board of Real Estate appraisers consists of seven members appointed by the Governor: three licensed or certified appraisers, one of whom must have expertise in eminent domain, a county assessor, an officer or employee of a commercial bank experienced in real estate lending, and two public members. Board members serve three-year terms. Funding Sources The Division of Real Estate is cash funded from fees pursuant to Colorado statute. Fees are paid for licensure or registration in the real estate and appraiser professions. Fee amounts are established annually for the purpose of covering direct and indirect costs incurred by the Division for licensing and enforcement. Fiscal Year Revenue Expenditures FY 03 (Actual) $3,825,954 $3,953,316 FY 04 (Actual) $3,258,895 $3,798,301 FY 05 (Actual) $4,733,079 $4,116,100 FY 06 (Estimate) $3,162,421 $3,812,724 The following pie chart shows the estimated source of revenue for Fiscal Year 06. . The following pie chart shows the estimated expenditures for Fiscal Year 06. Trends The real estate market in Colorado will remain strong in the coming year, although activity will slow somewhat as a reflection of higher interest rates. Licensing by the Division of Real Estate should continue to increase in the current year, reflecting the continuing strong real estate market. The sale of raw land subdivisions and condominium/loft conversions remain strong and the Division is continuing increased enforcement activity in these areas. No major state or federal legislative initiatives affecting real estate are expected in the coming year. While one-stop shopping and affiliated business arrangements remain topics of great interest in Colorado and nationally, Congress's decision to again postpone a major review of the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act leaves the states and industry without clear guidance in these areas. As real estate companies continue to consolidate and expand nationwide and the Internet provides consumers with instant access to properties on a vast scale, increased regulatory scrutiny is being focused on interstate operations. In Colorado, a reciprocal licensing program has facilitated the growth of interstate commerce. Another result of increasing real estate activity on the Internet is the heightened level of sophistication on the part of the general public regarding real estate transactions and real estate procedures in general. The public is coming to expect a higher level of performance on the part of real estate brokers, which the Division must address by increasing the competency level of licensees and maintaining a close watch on the pulse of the public. As with all government agencies, the public and real estate industry will expect higher levels of customer service from the Division. This will be particularly true in the areas of e-commerce and electronic communications. Last update 9/28/05 Privacy Statement | Disclaimer Technical Assistance: E-Mail Information Technology Section Revised November 7, 2005 Federal Home Page || State Home Page || Department Home Page Top of Page E-Mail the Division of Real Estate 1900 Grant Street, Suite 600 Denver, CO 80203 (303) 894-2166 or (303) 894-2185 - Phone (303) 894-2683 - Fax Relay Colorado (TTY (English & Spanish), Voice, VCO, ASCII, STS Assistance Numbers)

home equity lines of

Home Equity Lending Gaps in Texas The Texas Economy March 2003 "Texans need and deserve the right to take out home equity lines of credit.This simple change will pump $741 million back to Texas homeowners." -- Carole Keeton Strayhorn, Texas Comptroller Home Equity Lending Gaps in Texas The number of Texans with home equity loans has more than doubled since 1997 when changes in the Texas constitution made it easier for Texans to borrow against the equity they have in their homes. [1] Yet, Texans are still not taking as many home equity loans as residents in other states. In the traditional home equity lending market—the segment that involves a lump-sum payout of equity to be repaid over a set term—Texans seem to have caught up with the rest of the nation. Indeed, the estimated 6.4 percent of Texas home-owners with traditional home equity loans in 2001 is not only up considerably from 2.5 in 1997 but may well be higher than the average for the other 49 states of 5.7 percent (Figure 1). [2] This most likely reflects the fact that one portion of the home equity loan market—the home equity line of credit market—remains unavailable to Texans. An estimated $12.7 billion in higher-cost, non-tax-deductible loans that currently exist could be supplanted if home equity lines of credit were available and Texans used these financial options at the same rate as other consumers in the country. By taking advantage of a substantially untapped resource, Texas consumers could save $741 million annually using home equity lines of credit instead of other loans. These savings could be pumped into the Texas economy through lower interest rates and additional federal income tax deductions. The gains would be realized in the Texas economy if existing loans were merely paid off by homeowners through home equity lines of credit. This need not expand homeowners’ overall debt burden. Home Equity Lending in Texas For more than 160 years, access to the home equity that owners had built up in their residences was largely untapped. As a direct result of the Panic of 1837, Texas prohibited the forced sale of homesteads for all but a very limited number of reasons. When Texas became a state, these protections became part of the state constitution and effectively barred foreclosing on a person’s residence for reasons other than non-payment of taxes, the original mortgage or a home improvement loan. These same provisions also effectively barred tapping into home equity for purposes other than home improvement. But on November 4, 1997, Texas voters approved a constitutional amendment allowing more leeway in home equity lending and for reverse mortgages. [3] These loans became available to Texans in 1998, but some technical issues limited the availability of home equity loans for homesteads larger than one acre and from reverse mortgages. Subsequent amendments addressed these legal concerns. [4] Changes in the Texas Constitution expanded the conditions under which homeowners could obtain a traditional home equity loan. These closed-end loans extend for a specified length of time and generally require repayment of interest and principal in equal monthly installments. Interest rates on these loans are ordinarily fixed for the life of the loan. Growth in Home Equity Lending in Texas Since changing the Texas constitution to allow wider use of home equity loans, Texans have steadily increased their reliance on these loans. According to American Housing Survey (AHS) data on nine Texas metropolitan areas that cover 68 percent of Texas’ owner-occupied homes, only 2.5 percent of Texas homeowners had any form of home equity loan in 1997, substantially less than the 14.5 percent for all U.S. homeowners outside of Texas that same year. By 1999, the proportion of Texas homeowners with a home equity loan had risen to 4.5 percent. While this represents nearly a doubling of home equity loan usage in just two years, this was still slightly less than the estimated 5 percent rate for home equity loan usage in the nation and substantially less than the 12.9 percent estimated by the AHS that year for both home equity loans and lines of credit. By 2001, the proportion of Texas households with home equity loans had reached 6.4 percent. At this level, the usage in Texas actually exceeded the usage rate of fixed-term closed-end loans in the U.S., indicating that Texans may have reached the saturation point with traditional home equity loans. These loans typically are written for a set amount to be repaid in equal installments over a specified time, just like a traditional mortgage. Based on a survey conducted for the Comptroller of Public Accounts of home equity lenders in Texas, from 1998 to 2000, the amount of the average home equity loan was about $36,750. In 2001 and 2002, the average home equity loan jumped to more than $47,000. [5] Closing the Gap Although Texans’ reliance on home equity loans has grown substantially since the passage of the constitutional amendment, further gains may be unlikely. Other states’ average usage of 14 percent in 2001 included both traditional home equity loans and home equity lines of credit, financial instruments not now available to Texas homeowners. The possibility that the usage rate of traditional home equity loans in Texas exceeded the usage rate of similar loans in the nation probably indicates that without the home equity line of credit option, more homeowners are opting for the fixed term loans—their only other choice. During much of the 1990s, about 8 percent of U.S. homeowners had a home equity line of credit whereas about 5 percent of homeowners had a traditional loan. [6] In 2001, AHS data indicated an estimated 8.4 percent of homeowners had a home equity line of credit (HELOC) and 5.7 percent had traditional home equity loans. This newer form of home equity lending has become the preferred choice by homeowners in other states. A HELOC is a revolving account that permits borrowing from time to time, at the account holder’s discretion, up to a set credit limit. HELOCs also typically have more flexible repayment schedules than traditional home equity loans and have a variable interest rate. Most consumers think home equity lines of credit are more convenient than traditional home equity loans. While about 40 percent of consumers cited the tax advantages of both types of home equity credit as an important consideration, 43 percent of HELOC users cited convenience of use as an advantage, compared with only 1 percent of those using the traditional home equity loans. [7] Many of the major lenders in Texas make HELOC loans to homeowners in other states. Their experiences underscore how attractive this option is to consumers. Figure 2 presents the percentage of the amount of home equity loans and lines of credit written in Georgia, Florida and California by three major Texas lenders. [8] About 88 percent of the consumers in these states choose HELOCs compared with about 12 percent choosing traditional home equity loans. Potential Economic Impact of HELOCs in Texas One approach to examining what expanded home equity lending might mean in Texas is to estimate what consumers would save if they had access to HELOCs. Three issues are crucial when estimating this impact: what savings could be expected from lower interest costs; how much would HELOCs lower federal income tax bills; and how large total borrowing might become. Underlying this assessment is the assumption that if Texans had access to HELOCs the total home equity usage in Texas would approach the U.S. average. This implies that consumer use of both home equity lines of credit and traditional loans would reach about 14 percent, 7.6 percentage points up from the 2001 level, which was 6.4 and consisted of only traditional home equity loans. The true economic value of HELOCs to consumers lies in low interest rates and as a deduction from federal income taxes. For example, recent data from February 2003 show that the average interest rate on credit card debt is 13.8 percent, the rate for new auto loans is 5.8 percent and on home equity lines of credit, 4.4 percent. [9] This implies that on a $1,000 loan, annual credit card interest charges would be $138 whereas these charges would amount to only $44 for the home equity line of credit. On $1,000 in outstanding credit card debt, conversion of this debt to a HELOC would save $94 in interest payments annually. But even this neglects the fact that HELOC interest costs are deductible from federal income taxes, whereas credit card interest charges are not deductible. Although each individual’s exact marginal tax rate paid depends on adjusted gross income, the National Bureau of Economic Research estimates that, on average, in 1999 interest deductions reduced income taxes 24.5 cents per dollar of interest paid. [10] This implies that, on average, the $44 in HELOC interest payments would generate an estimated $10.78 in federal income tax savings so that the total consumer savings per $1,000 in credit card debt replaced by HELOC would be $104.78 annually. Savings from other loans would be less dramatic. Based on current rates, car loans would cost $58 in interest charges per $1,000 borrowed, or only $14 more than HELOC. But tacking on the deductibility of HELOC raises this savings to $24.78 annually per $1,000 borrowed. The loans likely to be displaced by HELOC would be a mixture of credit card loans and other consumer loans such as car loans. According to Federal Reserve loan data, consumer debt nationwide at the end of 2002 was divided into $738.9 billion in revolving loans, of which credit card debt is a large part, and $1,017.9 billion in non-revolving loans. [11] Assuming Texas consumers have a similar debt profile, about 42 percent of Texas consumer debt would be in revolving credit and 58 percent in non-revolving. Based on these shares, the average consumer would save an estimated $58.38 in interest and tax payments per $1,000 owed by switching from other consumer credit sources to HELOC. [12] How much Texans could save depends on the volume of consumer loans displaced. Using 2001 commercial bank data to update national figures indicates that the traditional home equity loan market in the U.S. reached $352.7 billion, up from $267 billion in 1997. Considering Texas’ share of home equity loans and the average per loan value, Texans account for an estimated 8.4 percent of the U.S. market for traditional home equity loans. Based on this percentage and assuming that Texans would use both traditional and HELOC loans at the national rate, Texas consumers would exchange $12.7 billion in existing loans for HELOC. In doing so, Texas homeowners would save $741 million in interest charges and federal income taxes annually. This would be a modest level of savings. The Federal Reserve Board estimates that households spend about 8 percent of their disposable personal income servicing the debt on revolving loans. [13] The $741 million annual savings from increased use of HELOCs would be about 1.7 percent of the annual amount Texans spend on debt service for revolving loans. [14] Home Equity Delinquencies If Texas consumers relied more on home equity lines of credit and followed national trends, loan delinquencies would likely fall. Based on American Bankers Association data (Table 1), Texas averages fewer loan delinquencies for closed-end home equity loans than consumers at the national level. Loan delinquencies did rise in Texas from 1999 to 2001, but dropped off in 2002. Table 1: Texas Home Equity Delinquency Rates Compared to All Other States Home Equity Delinquency Rates and All States First Mortgage Delinquency Rates* Closed-End** Home Equity Loans(1) Home Equity Lines of Credit(1) All States - First Mortgages(2) Texas All States All States Conventional FHA VA 2002 0.99% 1.30% 0.59% 3.06% 11.55% 7.87% 2001 1.17 1.28 0.73 2.96 10.78 7.67 2000 0.88 1.20 0.75 2.50 9.10 6.80 1999 0.77 1.26 0.62 2.60 8.60 6.80 * Delinquency Rates are based on the number of Loans Past Due 30 Days or More as a Percentage of Loans Outstanding. ** "Closed End" includes home equity and second mortgages (but not home improvement). SOURCES (1)Home equity delinquency rates obtained from "Consumer Credit Delinquency Bulletin" published quarterly by American Bankers Association. (2)First mortgage delinquency rates obtained from "U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States, 2001" and Mortgage Bankers Association of America "Quarterly Delinquency Surveys." But nationwide, loan delinquencies for lines of credit are slightly more than half the rates seen for closed end home equity loans. Based on this pattern, a shift towards using home equity lines of credit from traditional home equity loans should lower overall home equity delinquency rates. Compared with first mortgages, the delinquency rates for both home equity loans and lines of credit are substantially lower. Summary The use of home equity loans in Texas has risen dramatically following constitutional changes in Texas in 1997. Use of closed-end traditional home equity loans in Texas exceeds nationwide use. The fact that home equity lines of credit are not available in Texas contributes to a higher reliance on traditional home equity loans. But the strong consumer preference expressed for HELOCs in other states and consumer preference for their ease of use may indicate that continued expansion of lower interest, tax deductible home equity financing by consumers in Texas may slow without access to these loans. If Texans were to use home equity financing only up to the national average through HELOCs, lower interest payments and lower federal taxes would save Texas consumers $741 million. Making HELOCs available to Texas consumers would require passing another constitutional amendment and legislation proposing such amendments will likely be introduced during the current legislative session. If the nature of consumer safeguards and other requirements on lending institutions in Texas making HELOC loans were significantly more restrictive than national practices, interest rates on these loans in Texas could be higher than national rates, and the economic impacts less. Data Collection While banking and finance are two of the most heavily regulated industries, this level of scrutiny does not always result in the availability of detailed information. Since 1987, banks and finance companies have reported home equity lines of credit under receivables on quarterly Call Reports and since 1991 have also separately reported their holdings of traditional closed-end home equity loans. Mutual savings banks also report these data on Federal Reserve Board Call Reports. Other segments of the financial industry report this information to varying degrees. Savings and loan associations and federal saving banks report credit line receivables on Call Reports, but they do not separate home equity loans from first mortgages. Since June 1996, finance companies have reported commercial and residential mortgages separately but do not distinguish between loans under lines of credit and traditional loans. Credit union data is available on both types of home equity debt from the Credit Union National Association. At the national level, some data track the degree to which consumers utilize the various home equity loan alternatives. Every two years the Federal Reserve Board surveys consumers’ use of credit. This data, while instructive on overall trends and the use of home equity loans and lines of credit, does not contain information about practices in particular states. Moreover, much of the state-specific data collected from financial institutions is available primarily for the location of the financial institution involved, and not where the loan was made. Where this data are available, coverage by type of financing (home equity loan versus line of credit) is limited. The Texas-specific data in this analysis is derived largely from two sources. First, the U.S. Bureau of the Census surveys about 60,000 Americans every two years about housing conditions. This survey includes questions about the usage of home equity loans, but only the most recent survey, from 2001, elicits responses on traditional home equity loans separately from home equity lines of credit. Because this survey is national, there is only partial coverage of Texas. Specifically, publicly available data from the survey identifies only responses coming from nine metropolitan areas in Texas. Although the sample does contain responses from non-metropolitan areas, these are not identified by state. The Census survey covers about 68.2 percent of the Texas population. The second source of data is internal surveys of lending activity conducted by lending institutions doing business in Texas. These institutions cover more than 10 percent of the Texas market for commercial financial institutions and financial companies. These data are used to identify the potential to expand home equity lending in Texas if lines of credit became available. Endnotes [1] In 1997 and before, availability of home equity loans in Texas was limited to home improvement loans, loans to pay outstanding taxes and loans allowing one spouse to “buy out” another in the case of divorce. Such loans were typically known as a second lien against the property. Homeowners could not secure a loan backed by the equity in their home and use the proceeds of the loan for purposes other than those specified in law. Outside of Texas, using home equity loan proceeds for whatever purpose and even the more flexible home equity line of credit (a revolving line of credit secured by home equity) have been widely available for years. [2] The tentative nature of this statement stems from what seems to be respondent confusion to the American Housing Survey (AHS). In the 2001 AHS, 14 Texas households identified themselves as having a home equity line of credit in 2001. Since these lines of credit currently cannot be offered in Texas, the most likely explanation for this is that these respondents misunderstood the “line of credit” option in the survey as describing the “draw down” feature of a home improvement loan during construction when, in fact, these instances were almost certainly traditional “closed end” loans. Placing these responses in that category indicates that 6.4 percent of the homeowners in the survey in Texas had a closed-end home equity loan as compared to only 5.7 percent in states outside of Texas. [3] House Joint Resolution 31 (HJR 31) passed by the 1997 Legislature that, upon passage, became effective January 1, 1998. [4] On November 2, 1999, Texas voters approved constitutional amendments proposed by the 1999 Legislature to address these problems, Senate Joint Resolutions 12 and 22 (SJR 12 and 22). [5] Data submitted by lenders in early 2003. For number and amount of loans in Texas, the survey included five large Texas lenders. [6] Glenn B. Canner, Thomas A. Durkin and Charles A. Luckett, “Recent Developments in Home Equity Lending,” Federal Reserve Bulletin, April 1998, p. 243. [7] Canner, Durkin and Luckett, pp. 241- 251. [8] From data submitted by lenders. Together these three lenders serve more than 10 percent of the commercial banking market in Texas. [9] These rates and those of HELOCs are from http://www.bankrate.com/ on February 18, 2003. The credit card rate is for a standard card (not gold or platinum) at a fixed annual rate. The auto loan figure refers to a 48-month loan for a new car. The HELOC rate is for a $10,000 or minimum amount. [10] http://www.nber.org/~taxsim/mrates/mrates2.html , February 20, 2003. [11] Federal Reserve Board Statistical Release, G.19, Consumer Credit, February 7, 2003. http://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g19/current/ . [12] This is a fairly conservative assessment on two points. First it assumes that consumers would replace current borrowing in proportion to the amount borrowed of each type without consideration of the interest rates charged for each type of borrowing. A more rational approach would be to replace all of the most costly borrowing first. Secondly, new car financing rates are among the lowest cost loans available and this probably underestimates the interest costs of non-revolving loans. [13] http://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/housedebt/default.htm , February 19,2003. [14] Disposable personal income in Texas is estimated to be $535.2 billion in 2001. Carole Keeton Strayhorn Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts Window on State Government Contact Us Privacy and Security Policy