Real Estate Prices

DQNews - San Diego Union Tribune Zip Code Chart -- December 29, 2005 DQNews Home | DataQuick | Forums | -- Release | Custom Reports Search -- i Updated: December 16, 2005 -- -- -- Real Estate News -- . -- DQNEWS HOME -- RECENT RELEASES Monthly for SoCal Monthly for Bay Area New! -- CA Monthly City Chart ZIP CODE CHARTS Updated Monthly: LA Times Zip Chart SD Union Tribune Chart OC Register Chart SF Chronicle Chart Sacramento Bee Chart Annual Charts: CA 2004 City Chart LA Times 2004 Chart OC Register 2004 Chart SD Tribune 2004 Chart SF Chronicle 2004 Chart Sac Bee 2004 Chart Updated Weekly: SJ Mercury News Chart California SoCal Area Bay Area -- REGIONAL CHARTS Phoenix 3Q05 Honolulu 3Q05 Las Vegas 3Q05 Portland 3Q05 Seattle 3Q05 Nashville 3Q05 Miami/Palm Bch 3Q05 Jacksonville, FL 3Q05 Denver 3Q05 Chicago 3Q05 CURRENT HEADLINES Home Sale Trends Mortgage Trends -- Foreclosures Million Dollar Homes Building Activity Other Feature Articles NATIONAL NEWS -- WEB SITE EXTRAS ARCHIVED ARTICLES -- Customized News Services -- -- Custom Reports Archived Zip Code Charts Archived Articles -- Enter your email address to receive DQNews Headlines by email: -- Who We Are -- -- -- Find Out More About DQNews San Diego Union Tribune Zip Code Chart for Home Sales Recorded in November 2005 Back Issues are available through Custom Reports Resale New Single-Family Condominiums All Combined New Place Zip Sales Median % Chg Sales Median % Chg Sales Median % Chg Central San Diego 477 $539,000 5.7% 384 $430,000 4.4% 323 $444,500 -15.3% Allied Gardens, Del Cerro 92120 16 $589,000 7.1% 8 $367,000 -12.2% 5 $320,000 n/a City Heights 92105 28 $418,500 5.3% 17 $250,000 -5.1% 3 $224,000 -42.3% Clairemont 92117 32 $578,250 6.1% 5 $316,000 -3.5% n/a n/a n/a College 92115 29 $468,000 5.2% 16 $311,000 -11.1% 14 $234,000 -20.7% Coronado 92118 6 $1,235,000 -2.9% 17 $825,000 -37.4% n/a n/a n/a Downtown 92101 n/a n/a n/a 48 $539,250 -20.4% 147 $530,000 1.0% Encanto 92114 48 $450,000 9.5% n/a n/a n/a 4 $260,000 -45.8% Golden Hill 92102 19 $440,000 4.1% 4 $237,500 -18.1% n/a n/a n/a Hillcrest, Mission Hills 92103 12 $1,085,000 52.8% 24 $495,000 2.7% 10 $564,500 -9.7% Kensington, Normal Hts 92116 24 $504,500 -14.9% 7 $425,000 21.4% 14 $282,500 15.3% La Jolla 92037 18 $2,025,000 37.3% 35 $595,000 1.7% 22 $462,000 -13.6% Linda Vista 92111 17 $534,000 4.2% 9 $314,000 -18.1% 1 $296,000 n/a Logan Hts 92113 18 $368,500 -0.8% 1 $300,000 26.6% n/a n/a n/a Mira Mesa 92126 52 $520,000 4.0% 23 $400,000 12.7% 3 $359,500 1.3% Mission Bch, Pacific Bch 92109 13 $940,000 19.0% 25 $600,000 5.3% 10 $422,000 -22.6% Mission Valley 92108 n/a n/a n/a 25 $356,000 0.3% 1 $804,500 57.4% Morena 92110 8 $649,500 17.6% 12 $430,000 9.6% n/a n/a n/a North Park 92104 13 $575,000 13.1% 14 $318,000 1.9% 1 $360,000 n/a Ocean Beach 92107 10 $772,000 -8.0% 9 $410,000 -1.2% 4 $431,750 12.1% Paradise Hills 92139 18 $482,500 8.7% 8 $367,500 4.6% 7 $314,500 n/a Point Loma 92106 16 $870,000 15.2% 3 $605,000 24.7% n/a n/a n/a San Carlos 92119 15 $539,000 -2.0% 4 $317,000 0.3% 1 $1,350,000 n/a Scripps Rch 92131 21 $705,000 0.7% 20 $442,500 0.1% 18 $995,000 7.7% Serra Mesa 92123 15 $515,000 7.3% 12 $327,250 -27.7% 8 $517,250 2.1% Sorrento Val. 92121 4 $735,000 -7.3% 6 $422,250 -3.8% n/a n/a n/a Tierrasanta 92124 13 $675,000 -3.6% 15 $425,000 -0.6% n/a n/a n/a University Cty 92122 12 $720,000 6.4% 17 $465,000 -8.8% 50 $344,000 -28.0% East County 317 $490,000 6.5% 82 $325,000 1.7% 63 $446,000 -5.9% Alpine 91901 17 $679,000 8.6% 1 $245,000 -6.1% 5 $699,000 -17.5% Boulevard 91905 2 $353,750 114.4% n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a Campo 91906 4 $386,000 42.3% n/a n/a n/a 20 $395,500 n/a Descanso 91916 2 $442,500 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a El Cajon 92019 34 $545,500 4.4% 9 $356,000 1.7% 3 $275,000 -59.6% El Cajon 92020 30 $480,000 -4.0% 4 $280,000 -9.4% 2 $294,250 -25.5% El Cajon 92021 34 $466,000 -0.2% 15 $310,000 -4.6% 7 $955,500 106.1% Jacumba 91934 1 $92,000 -23.3% n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a Jamul 91935 10 $792,500 -2.5% n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a La Mesa, Mt. Helix 91941 37 $524,000 17.2% 4 $321,500 7.3% 8 $873,000 -5.4% La Mesa, Grossmont 91942 8 $515,000 1.9% 5 $428,500 30.8% n/a n/a n/a Lakeside 92040 23 $540,000 11.8% 6 $301,000 36.8% n/a n/a n/a Lemon Grove 91945 17 $435,000 3.0% 1 $315,000 0.2% 3 $312,000 n/a Pine Valley 91962 3 $495,000 43.5% n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a Rancho San Diego 91978 4 $514,000 13.2% 1 $355,000 15.6% n/a n/a n/a Santee 92071 36 $470,000 8.5% 21 $350,000 11.5% 14 $474,500 1.7% Spring Valley 91977 55 $475,000 8.1% 15 $327,000 -7.2% 1 $660,000 19.3% North County Inland 547 $580,000 12.6% 134 $365,000 6.0% 218 $668,500 6.9% Bonsall 92003 6 $837,000 29.0% 3 $324,500 -20.9% n/a n/a n/a Borrego Spr. 92004 3 $125,000 -60.9% 1 $240,000 81.8% n/a n/a n/a Escondido S 92025 29 $490,000 4.8% 12 $317,500 0.8% 1 $575,000 -40.8% Escondido N 92026 41 $500,000 5.3% 6 $334,500 33.3% 12 $781,500 4.9% Escondido E 92027 46 $479,000 11.5% 2 $260,000 -3.3% 1 $948,500 50.6% Escondido W 92029 16 $664,500 6.3% n/a n/a n/a 1 $940,000 n/a Fallbrook 92028 48 $605,000 21.2% 2 $214,823 -40.3% 8 $797,250 26.6% Julian 92036 2 $271,000 48.5% n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a Palomar Mtn 92060 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a Pauma Valley 92061 1 $220,000 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a Penasquitos 92129 41 $686,000 5.9% 17 $340,000 -2.9% 13 $917,000 73.0% Poway 92064 42 $588,000 7.1% 5 $420,000 -0.9% 1 $255,000 -88.5% Ramona 92065 36 $575,000 17.1% 5 $302,500 -11.9% 1 $659,000 -9.4% Rancho Bernardo W 92127 20 $1,050,000 70.7% 13 $395,000 18.6% 69 $457,500 -17.9% Rancho Bernardo E 92128 41 $675,000 16.4% 28 $420,000 -2.3% 6 $322,500 11.2% Rancho Santa Fe 92067 4 $2,512,500 11.7% n/a n/a n/a 1 $1,320,500 109.6% Rancho Santa Fe post office 92091 2 $2,800,000 93.1% 1 $865,000 -3.4% n/a n/a n/a San Marcos N 92069 35 $526,000 5.2% 6 $385,000 20.9% 10 $363,500 -39.9% San Marcos S 92078 37 $650,000 13.5% 13 $378,500 -7.2% 73 $702,000 21.5% Santa Ysabel 92070 1 $206,500 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a Valley Center 92082 13 $660,000 -2.6% n/a n/a n/a 12 $840,500 5.6% Vista S 92081 20 $555,000 4.7% 5 $420,000 28.4% 1 $543,000 -41.4% Vista W 92083 25 $460,000 5.7% 9 $360,000 15.0% 5 $690,000 4.5% Vista E 92084 37 $580,000 19.6% 6 $367,000 11.4% 1 $889,000 175.2% Warner Spr 92086 1 $611,000 35.0% n/a n/a n/a 2 $53,750 n/a North County Coast 319 $645,000 9.5% 145 $455,000 5.1% 179 $807,000 19.6% Cardiff 92007 12 $677,500 -26.6% 4 $482,500 -10.6% 2 $1,232,000 n/a Carlsbad N 92008 12 $712,500 4.8% 6 $482,500 15.6% 2 $477,500 -48.9% Carlsbad S 92009 32 $770,000 10.0% 16 $447,000 6.4% 77 $890,000 -7.3% Carlsbad I 92010 11 $600,000 -8.3% 6 $410,000 -4.7% 4 $497,750 -29.4% Carlsbad II 92011 16 $865,000 10.9% 13 $645,000 -0.2% 3 $173,500 -77.4% Carmel Valley 92130 26 $970,250 7.4% 23 $645,000 20.6% 48 $791,500 -7.3% Del Mar 92014 13 $2,000,000 40.8% 4 $578,500 -20.8% 1 $2,400,000 108.7% Encinitas 92024 37 $815,000 7.2% 19 $512,500 -5.5% n/a n/a n/a Oceanside S 92054 41 $527,000 16.7% 19 $367,000 0.5% 7 $577,500 7.8% Oceanside E 92056 59 $506,000 6.8% 11 $349,000 -1.7% 11 $278,500 -55.0% Oceanside N 92057 52 $535,500 9.8% 18 $317,500 0.0% 23 $739,000 37.4% Solana Beach 92075 8 $1,047,500 -25.2% 6 $817,500 10.4% 1 $1,200,000 n/a South County 245 $602,500 13.7% 95 $385,000 6.6% 184 $506,500 -12.8% Bonita 91902 16 $703,000 0.4% 2 $385,750 -7.8% n/a n/a n/a Chula Vista N 91910 44 $611,000 15.6% 17 $385,000 2.7% 2 $737,500 n/a Chula Vista S 91911 34 $530,000 12.8% 25 $360,000 3.4% n/a n/a n/a Chula Vista - E. Lake - Otay Ran ch 91913 46 $677,500 15.4% 16 $414,000 -4.2% 21 $408,500 -37.3% Chula Vista NE 91914 14 $713,250 8.1% 5 $440,000 8.1% 37 $478,000 -45.4% Chula Vista SE 91915 23 $612,000 0.3% 8 $483,500 9.9% 87 $582,000 24.4% Imperial Beach 91932 7 $530,000 9.5% 3 $505,000 -3.8% n/a n/a n/a National City 91950 13 $444,000 9.6% 4 $312,500 0.2% 20 $495,750 n/a Nestor 92154 39 $585,000 23.2% 8 $367,500 5.8% 17 $662,000 26.5% San Ysidro 92173 9 $507,000 11.1% 7 $295,000 0.9% n/a n/a n/a ©DataQuick Information Systems This information may not be republished in any form. -- View the DQNews News editorial policy. -- Contact us at info@DQNews.com | DQNews Home | DataQuick Homepage

Buy House

Buy House or apartment in Ireland - MyHome Search largest property database in Ireland for property in Ireland. Home Property Search Home Finance Home & Garden Home Services Estate Agents Advice & News YOU ARE HERE : Home \ Partners REGISTER NOW! LOGIN -- Forgot Password? Learn more... -- [29 DECEMBER 2005] Alarms & Security Appliances Bathrooms Christmas Decorations Conservatory Blinds Energy Efficiency Flooring Furniture Home Communications Tiles Partners Checklist... Buying the right paintbrushes for the job Ways to reduce your energy bill Suite Success Choosing The Perfect Kitchen Knives Plan The Perfect Kitchen In Ten Easy Steps The Ground Beneath Your Feet Link goes here Very long text w fi uf er f g t e w ss. Fully extensible. -- MyHome.ie accepts no responsibity for products or services supplied by advertisers. Tiles Previous | Next Back to Home & Garden VitrA Ireland Address: Unit N1, North Ring Business Park, Santry, Dublin 9 Address: Arklow Business Park, Ballynattin, Arklow, Co. Wicklow Phone: 1890 345 345 Email: home@vitra.ie VitrA Ireland is a specialist provider of premuim procelain and ceramic tiles and high quality bathroom furniture, sanitary ware, fixtures and fittings. VitrAs tile portfolio consists of over 4,000 innovative and creative designs ranging in size from 2.5x2.5cm to 60x60cm a size and style to suit every home. VitrA Ireland boasts two state-of-the-art tile showrooms located in Arklow Business Park, Co Wicklow and North Ring Business Park, Santry. Including live bathroom and kitchen displays VitrAs showrooms enable customers to experience the companys newly launched collections in authentic living spaces while availing of the technical expertise of VitrA staff. Website: www.vitrakaro.com View Tiling Products Other Products View Tiling Products Search for other in Alarms & Security Appliances Bathrooms Christmas Decorations Conservatory Blinds Energy Efficiency Flooring Furniture Home Communications Tiles Choose... Carlow Co. Cavan Co. Clare Co. Cork City -- Cork City North -- Cork City Outer -- Cork City South Cork Co. -- Cork Co. West Donegal Co. Dublin Co.& City -- Dublin North -- Dublin South -- Dublin West Galway City Galway Co. -- Galway Connemara Kerry Co. Kildare Co. Kilkenny Co. Laois Co. Leitrim Co. Limerick City Limerick Co. Longford Co. Louth Co. Mayo Co. Meath Co. Monaghan Co. Offaly Co. Roscommon Co. Sligo Co. Tipperary Co. Waterford Co. Westmeath Co. Wexford Co. Wicklow Co. Previous | Next Back to Home & Garden Back to Top Contact Us | Site Map | FAQ | Terms & Conditions | Privacy Statement | Site Statement | About Us | Jobs

Texas Land Buyers Log

Recreation Motivates Texas Land Buyers Recreational Land Purchases - Wildlife - Ag News & Views Recreation Motivates Texas Land Buyers Log In | Register My Profile | Log Out Ag Home Page Agricultural Staff Consulting Teams   NF-1 Team (coming soon)   NF-2 Team (coming soon)   NF-3 Team   NF-4 Team (coming soon) Ag News & Views Jr. Beef Excellence Program Consultation Program Custom Hire Listings eCattleLog Feed Library Hunting & Recreational Leases Agricultural Tools Online Publications   Ag Info Index   Economics   Forages   Horticulture   Livestock   Soils   Wildlife Plant Image Gallery Internships Wildlife: July, 2003 July, 2003 Table of Contents Other Wildlife Articles by Grant Huggins It's a fact – today's rural land buyers are more likely to have hunting and fishing on their minds than cows or cotton. Recreation is the primary motive fueling the rural Texas land market." This statement by Judon Fambrough, Senior Lecturer in Real Estate Law of the Real Estate Center at Texas A&M University (REC), shouldn't be a surprise to observers of the Texas land market. In fact, there isn't anything close to recreation, particularly hunting and fishing, as a motive for buyers of Texas land. The following chart from Charles E. Gilliland, Research Economist of the REC, shows the buyer motives rated as "very important" in the REC fall 2002 survey of Texas real estate appraisers, brokers, lenders and government officials. The survey question recorded the groups' opinion of all factors that were "very important" in land purchase decisions; most buyers incorporate several factors in their decision, and thus the categories add to more than 100%. Figure 1 shows that those surveyed believe 80% of buyers rate hunting and fishing quality as very important in their land purchase decision, up from 67% in the fall 2001 survey. Gilliland says that according to their surveys, recreation has been the dominant motive of Texas land buyers since spring 1995. These observations may have relevance to south central Oklahoma land values, where many Metroplex buyers are seeking less expensive retreats than the going prices in Texas. These trends should be taken into consideration when making land management decisions. Game animals are a product of native vegetation. They are not generally abundant in landscapes dominated by introduced vegetation, whether it is forage or crops. Knowledgeable land buyers understand this. The REC produces a report which divides Texas into 33 Land Market Areas (LMA). The most recent data available is their Fall 2001 report. Their report on LMA 22, containing Montague, Cooke, Grayson and Fannin counties of the NF Agricultural Division's Texas service area, includes Table 1. Statewide values are listed for comparison. Gilliland points out that "…rangeland generally attracts the recreational buyers prevalent in today's market." Prudent land managers should consider conversion costs, management costs, opportunity costs of alternate enterprises and impacts on future land values before converting native vegetation to other land uses. © 1997-2005 by The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Inc.

Colorado Real Estate Quick

Selling Breckenridge, Keystone, and all Summit CountyColorado Real Estate Summit County Real Estate Home Summit County MLS Summit County Real Estate Sales Summit County Real Estate Showcase New Construction Selling Buying 1031 Exchange Office Locations Breckenridge Resort Help Wanted Summit County Colorado Real Estate Quick Real Estate Search Area: Breckenridge Keystone Copper Mountain Dillon / Summit Cove Frisco Silverthorne / Wildernest Park County Leadville Other Type: Residential Price: 000 to 000 Min Beds Ignore 1 2 3 4 5 Min Baths: Ignore 1 2 3 4 5 Min Square Feet: Contact | Advanced Search | Home Selling Summit County Colorado Real Estate If you own real estate in Summit County Colorado that you are thinking of selling, consider the following. Nobody comes even close to selling as much real estate in Summit County as Re/Max. In fact, Re/Max has been #1 in Summit County real estate sales for 15 years in a row! Real Estate Services for Summit County Sellers Free Competitive Market Analysis (CMA): Determine what your Summit County real estate is currently worth. So what did it really sell for? : If one of your neighbors recently sold real estate and you want to know the actual sales price, complete and submit this form; you can also use this form to determine recent sales within an entire subdivision or condo complex. Not only does Re/Max dominate the county as a whole, but we also lead in the various towns throughout the Summit County, as the following graphs will show: Breckenridge Keystone Silverthorne Dillon Frisco Feature Your Summit County Real Estate Listing On This Web Site The March 2005 Nielsen NetRatings Search Engine Ratings are as follows: This web site is in the top 5 for all of the most relevant search terms for people looking for Summit County real estate on all of the top 3 search engines!!! There is no other Realtor or Real Estate company site for which this is true! The following table shows the search engine rankings of this site as of November 07, 2005: Google 7-Nov Breckenridge Real Estate 1 Breckenridge Colorado Real Estate 2 Summit County Real Estate 2 Summit County Colorado Real Estate 1 Keystone Real Estate 1 Keystone Colorado Real Estate 2 Yahoo Breckenridge Real Estate 2 Breckenridge Colorado Real Estate 4 Summit County Real Estate 5 Summit County Colorado Real Estate 2 Keystone Real Estate 1 Keystone Colorado Real Estate 3 MSN Breckenridge Real Estate 3 Breckenridge Colorado Real Estate 5 Summit County Real Estate 2 Summit County Colorado Real Estate 2 Keystone Real Estate 5 Keystone Colorado Real Estate 2 Overture.com was used to determine that these are the most relevant search phrases. The following table shows how often these phrases were searched for during the past month as of November 07, 2005. Keyphrase Breckenridge Real Estate 1,849 Summit County Real Estate 1,113 Keystone Real Estate 1,540 Breckenridge Colorado Real Estate 1,046 Keystone Colorado Real Estate 1,131 Summit County Colorado Real Estate 882 All other seemingly relevant key phrases have fewer than 500 searches so I do not bother tracking them. Also, when people do search for real estate in other towns of the same name as those in Summit County, it is clear that they are often in fact looking for information on real estate in other states like Frisco Texas and Dillon Montana. Real estate currently on the market receives the following services: Web Marketing | Other Marketing | Sellers' Service Pledge All real estate will be featured on the following web sites: Featured Properties : Complete photos and information hosted on this site. Listings on most other sites link to this one. Other RE/MAX web sites: Both www.cloradomountainproperties.com and www.breckenridgebrokers.com contain all Re/Max listings. Also, this company has over 75 agents, most of which have their own personal web sites that feature Re/Max real estate listings. I also permit other non Re/Max agents throughout Summit County to include my real estate listings on their personal web sites through a real estate search service similar to the one accessible by clicking on the banner at the top of this page. If there are any other worthwhile real estate listing sites which you can suggest, let me know and I will look into putting your property information on them for you. Please note: many other sites you might think of (yahoo, excite, infospace, infoseek, etc.) already draw their information from one or more of the sites listed above. Other means I use to market real estate include (with your permission) but are not limited to: Including your property in the Summit County Multiple Listing Service (MLS), through which Realtors with other companies can show your property to their prospective buyers. Installing the internationally recognized RE/MAX for sale sign on your property. Direct mailing to potential buyers. Telemarketing to potential buyers. Circulating flyers describing your property to other local real estate offices. Holding open houses. Also , as a broker with RE/MAX Properties of the Summit, I will fulfill the following Sellers' Service Pledge by performing the following services: Provide a marketing plan for your property to include, as appropriate, recommended promotional and other activities, along with a "schedule of events" outlining those marketing steps mutually agreed upon. Furnish a written Competitive Market Analysis to help you determine the most effective listing price for your property. This analysis may be updated to reflect changing market conditions. Review various financing alternatives and assist you in determining those which best enhance the saleability of your property. Review local marketing customs, conditions and procedures, and make recommendations designed to enhance the marketability of your property. Install the internationally recognized RE/MAX sign on your property, with your permission. Expose your property to appropriate incoming transferees referred to this office through the RE/MAX VIP Referral System. Provide regular progress reports throughout the marketing period and discuss with you comments received about your property. Show your property to qualified buyers. Provide a VIP Referral Form, if appropriate, offering the services of a RE/MAX office at your new destination to assist with your search for a new property. Submit to you all written offers as presented; assist with negotiations; and provide an estimate of your net sales proceeds prior to acceptance. Upon acceptance of an offer by you, monitor pre-settlement (escrow) activities throughout the closing process as permitted by law or local practice. " If there is anything else you would like from your Realtor, let me know and you will not be disappointed with my service!" Click here to contact Ted. Ted Amenta is an Associate Broker with RE/MAX Properties of the Summit Site Map 1 2 3 4

buy property to prevent

Neighbors Buying Property To Prevent The Establishment Of A Group Home The Bazelon Center for Mental Health Law Issue: Housing About News In court Take action Publications More resources Topics : Information sheets Advocacy resources on fair housing Jump to an issue: Advance Psych. Directives Children Civil Rights and the ADA Criminalization Education Elders with Mental Illnesses Housing Insurance Involuntary Commitment Managed Care Medicaid Medicare Rx Drug Benefit Mental Healthcare Privacy Restraint and Seclusion Supports in the Community - SSI - Temp. Assist. for Families Voting Fair Housing Information Sheet # 3 Neighbors Buying Property To Prevent The Establishment Of A Group Home Imagine the following scenario: A house in a residential neighborhood is for sale. A provider of residential services to persons with mental retardation believes that the house would be a great location for a group home for three women and submits a bid to purchase the house. Neighbors of the seller learn of the provider's interest in the home and meet to develop strategies for preventing the women from moving into the neighborhood. Eventually, the neighbors conclude that the only way to prevent the provider from purchasing the home is to submit a higher bid. The neighbors realize that none of them can afford to buy the home alone, so they pool their resources, give the money collected to one of the neighbors, and that person offers the seller $5,000 more for the home than does the provider. The seller sells the home to the neighbor acting on behalf of the group. Do the actions of the seller or of the neighbors who purchased the home violate the Fair Housing Act? The FHA makes it unlawful to discriminate in the sale or rental, or to otherwise make unavailable or deny, a dwelling to any buyer or renter because of a handicapof (A) that buyer or renter; (B) a person residing in or intending to reside in that dwelling after it is so sold, rented, or made available; or (C) any person associated with that buyer or renter. 42 U.S.C. 3604(f)(1). The FHA contains an exemption for single-family houses sold or rented by an owner, provided that the owner does not use the services of a real estate agent or broker, own more than three such single-family houses, and, if the owner is not a resident, has not completed more than one sale within a 24-month period. 42 U.S.C. 3603(b). Thus, assuming the listed conditions are met, it is likely that the owner cannot be found liable under the 3604(f)(1) of the FHA. But what of the neighbors, who banded together to buy the home in order to prevent persons with disabilities from living there? Courts that have faced this and similar scenarios have answered the question in different ways. In Michigan Protection and Advocacy Service, Inc. v. Babin , 18 F.3d 337, 344 (6 th Cir. 1994), the Sixth Circuit called action similar to that described above as "normal economic competition." The Babin court analyzed the liability of the neighbors who contributed extra funds to make the purchase possible under 3604(f)(1), specifically the "otherwise make unavailable" provision. The court explained that, in normal economic competition, every purchase of a unique commodity affects availability to others. Thus, the court concluded, finding the neighbors liable would cause the statute's reach to be overbroad, and it affirmed the summary judgment entered by the court below. A claim also was asserted against the seller and the neighbors pursuant to 42 U.S.C. 3617, which makes illegal interfering with the exercise and enjoyment of the right to fair housing. The Sixth Circuit also rejected this argument, finding that the seller was motivated purely by economic considerations and that, while the purchase of the house disrupted the provider's negotiations, it did not prevent the provider from making an even higher bid on the property. Babin, then, stands for the proposition that actions related to the purchase of property — even when taken for the sole reason of preventing the use of that property by persons protected under the FHA — is "normal economic competition" and therefore is not a violation of the FHA. Not every court that has considered the issue since the Babin decision has agreed with that proposition, however. In United States v. Hughes , 849 F. Supp. 685 (D. Neb. 1994), the court denied a motion to dismiss and found the Babin decision "plainly wrong" in suggesting that there is an economic competition exception to the FHA. In Hughes , the court determined that a lender, who agreed to finance the purchase of property knowing that the intention of the buyer was to prevent the establishment of a group home, could be liable under 42 U.S.C. 3617. The court held that a bank violates the FHA by intentionally aiding buyers in keeping a home from other purchasers because those other purchasers are or are associated with persons with mental illness: [T]rue ' economic competition' does not exist when the purpose of the competition is to deny a protected person access to housing, as opposed to securing housing for oneself or for investment purposes. In fact, it is irrational to spend money for the purpose of prohibiting someone else from living next to you, if the reason you do not wish to live next to that person is because he or she has a handicap protected by the Act.-- Hughes at 686 (emphasis in original). A third opinion on this issue adopts the Hughes analysis. In Step-by-Step v. Lazarus , No. CV-97-1006 (M.D. Pa. Oct. 17, 1997), the court, in denying a motion to dismiss, held that the FHA "does apply to a buyer who purchases a property with the intention of preventing the purchase by an entity planning to use the property as a Group Home for members protected by the Act." Id. , slip op. at 1. In reaching this conclusion, the court agreed with the Hughes reasoning and stated that normal economic considerations do not exist where the underlying intent of the purchaser is to discriminate. The court found support for this proposition in 24 C.F.R. 103.20(a), which allows the filing of a complaint against "any person" engaged in a discriminatory housing practice, and in 24 C.F.R. 100.50(b)(3), which makes it unlawful to engage in "any conduct" that denies or makes housing unavailable to persons with disabilities. As these cases demonstrate, determining the motives of a buyer, seller, or neighbors and whether such motives are legally relevant is a complex issue. On the one hand, Congress has clearly mandated an end to discrimination in housing, and a narrow interpretation of the FHA, such as in Babin , allows persons with discriminatory intent to prevent individuals with disabilities from moving into a community. On the other hand, examining the private motives to all the various parties to a real estate transaction may be both unwieldy and burdensome. Clearly, it is helpful to fair housing advocates that the reasoning in Babin — even though articulated by an appellate court — was not convincing to the next two courts to consider very similar situations. While it remains too soon to make any definitive pronouncements on the merits of the issues, it is apparent, given the holdings in Hughes and Step-by-Step , that the actions of neighbors who buy property to prevent the establishment of group homes remain subject to viable challenge under the FHA. This information sheet was produced under a contract with the Advocacy Training/Technical Assistance Center of the National Association of Protection & Advocacy Systems For more information, contact Michael Allen, Bazelon Center for Mental Health Law, 1101 15th Street, N.W., Suite 1212 Washington, D.C. 20005-5002. Phone: 202/467-5730 ext. 117. E-mail: Michaela@bazelon.org . Judge David L. Bazelon Center for Mental Health Law 1101 15th Street, NW, Suite 1212 Washington, DC 20005 Phone: 202-467-5730 Fax: 202-223-0409 Email: webmaster@bazelon.org Judge David L. Bazelon Center for Mental Health Law 1101 15th Street, NW, Suite 1212 Washington, DC 20005 Phone: 202-467-5730 Fax: 202-223-0409 Email: webmaster@bazelon.org