Real Estate Prices, Borrowing

Real Estate Prices, Borrowing Constraints and Business Cycles -A Study of the Japanese Economy This file is part of IDEAS , which uses RePEc data [ Papers | Articles | Software | Books | Chapters | Authors | Institutions | JEL Classification | NEP reports | Search | New papers by email | Author registration | Rankings | Volunteers | FAQ | Help! ] Real Estate Prices, Borrowing Constraints and Business Cycles -A Study of the Japanese Economy Author info | Abstract | Publisher info | Download info | Related research | Statistics Author Info Suparna Chakraborty (University of Minnesota & Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis) Additional information is available for the following registered author(s): Suparna Chakraborty Abstract This paper investigates the causes of business cycle fluctuations that Japan experienced over the period 1980 to 2000. To this end, I build a dynamic general equilibrium model with endogenous borrowing constraints where business cycle fluctuations are the result of TFP fluctuations and investment frictions. I identify land tax changes since 1984 as a possible source of investment frictions, the idea being that given a strong preference for debt-financing and widespread use of land as collateral in Japan, land tax changes will cause fluctuations in land price that can potentially affect output and investment by affecting borrowing capacity of firms. Calibrating the model using Japanese data and feeding in observed TFP and land taxes one by one and in unison, I find that TFP and land tax fluctuations can significantly account for observed fluctuations in output, but cannot account for land price fluctuations unless agents expect land tax changes to be permanent. I further identify redistribution of land holding between commercial and residential uses in response to land tax and TFP changes as an important channel through which the effect of these external fluctuations on output gets amplified. Observed data of land use in Japan provides evidence of such redistribution. Download Info To download: If you experience problems downloading a file, check if you have theproper application toview it first. Information about this may be containedin the File-Format links below. In case of further problems read the IDEAS helpfile . Note that these files are not on the IDEASsite. Please be patient as the files may be large. File URL: http://econwpa.wustl.edu:80/eps/mac/papers/0504/0504012.pdf File Format: application/pdf File Function: Download Restriction: no Publisher Info Paper provided by Economics Working Paper Archive EconWPA in its series Macroeconomics with number 0504012. Download reference. The following formats are available: HTML , plain text , BibTeX , RIS , ReDIF Length: 60 pages Date of creation: 06 Apr 2005 Date of revision: Handle: RePEc:wpa:wuwpma:0504012 Keywords: Real estate, borrowing constraint, business cycle, japan Note: Type of Document - pdf; pages: 60 Contact details of provider: Web page: http://econwpa.wustl.edu Order Information: For technical questions: (EconWPA). Related research Other versions of this item: Find related papers by JEL classification: E - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports : NEP-ALL-2005-04-17 (All new papers) NEP-MAC-2005-04-20 (Macroeconomics) NEP-SEA-2005-04-18 (South East Asia) NEP-URE-2005-05-02 (Urban & Real Estate Economics) References listed on IDEAS Please report citation or reference errors to : Carlstrom, Charles T & Fuerst, Timothy S, 1997." Agency Costs, Net Worth, and Business Fluctuations: A Computable General Equilibrium Analysis ," American Economic Review ,American Economic Association, vol. 87(5), pages 893-910. [Downloadable!] Other versions: Charles T. Carlstrom & Timothy S. Fuerst, 1996." Agency costs, net worth, and business fluctuations: a computable general equilibrium analysis ," Working Paper 9602, Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland. [Downloadable!] Ryo Kato, 2002." Matlab code for the Carlstrom-Fuerst AER (1997) model ," QM&RBC Codes 112, Quantitative Macroeconomics & Real Business Cycles. [Downloadable!] V. V. Chari & Patrick J. Kehoe & Ellen R. McGrattan, 2002." Accounting for the Great Depression ," Working Papers 619, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. [Downloadable!] Other versions: V. V. Chari & Patrick J. Kehoe & Ellen R. McGrattan, 2003." Accounting for the Great Depression ," Quarterly Review ,Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, issue Spr. [Downloadable!] V. V. Chari & Patrick J. Kehoe & Ellen R. McGrattan, 2002." Accounting for the Great Depression ," American Economic Review ,American Economic Association, vol. 92(2), pages 22-27. [Downloadable!] Dekle, Robert & Kletzer, Kenneth, 2003." The Japanese banking crisis and economic growth: Theoretical and empirical implications of deposit guarantees and weak financial regulation ," Journal of the Japanese and International Economies ,Elsevier, vol. 17(3), pages 305-335. [Downloadable!] Other versions: Robert Dekle & Kenneth Kletzer, 2003." The Japanese Banking Crisis and Economic Growth: Theoretical and Empirical Implications of Deposit Guarantees and Weak Financial Regulation ," Santa Cruz Center for International Economics, Working Paper Series 1002, Center for International Economics, UC Santa Cruz. [Downloadable!] Robert Dekle & Kenneth Kletzer, 2003." The Japanese Banking Crisis and Economic Growth: Theoretical and Empirical Implications of Deposit Guarantees and Weak Financial Regulation ," CIRJE F-Series CIRJE-F-225, CIRJE, Faculty of Economics, University of Tokyo. [Downloadable!] Bernanke, Ben & Gertler, Mark, 1989." Agency Costs, Net Worth, and Business Fluctuations ," American Economic Review ,American Economic Association, vol. 79(1), pages 14-31. [Downloadable!] Pedro Amaral & James C. MacGee, 2002." The Great Depression in Canada and the United States: A Neoclassical Perspective ," Review of Economic Dynamics ,Academic Press for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 5(1), pages 45-72. [Downloadable!] Other versions: Pedro Amaral & James Macgee, 2002." Data Appendix to The Great Depression in Canada and the United States: A Neoclassical Perspective ," Technical Appendices amaral02, Review of Economic Dynamics. [Downloadable!] Michael D. Bordo & Christopher J. Erceg & Charles L. Evans, 1997." Money, sticky wages, and the great depression ," International Finance Discussion Papers 591, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.). [Downloadable!] Burnside, Craig & Eichenbaum, Martin & Rebelo, Sergio, 1993." Labor Hoarding and the Business Cycle ," Journal of Political Economy ,University of Chicago Press, vol. 101(2), pages 245-73. [Downloadable!] Other versions: Craig Burnside & Martin Eichenbaum & Sergio Rebelo, 1993." Labor Hoarding and the Business Cycle ," NBER Working Papers 3556, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] Michael D. Bordo & Christopher J. Erceg & Charles L. Evans, 1997." Money, sticky wages, and the Great Depression ," Working Paper Series, Macroeconomic Issues WP-97-2, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago. [Downloadable!] Ben Bernanke & Mark Gertler, 1987." Financial Fragility and Economic Performance ," NBER Working Papers 2318, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] Other versions: Bernanke, Ben & Gertler, Mark, 1990." Financial Fragility and Economic Performance ," The Quarterly Journal of Economics ,MIT Press, vol. 105(1), pages 87-114. [Downloadable!] Takeo Hoshi & Anil Kashyap, 1999." The Japanese Banking Crisis: Where Did It Come From and How Will It End? ," NBER Working Papers 7250, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] Woo, David, 1999." In Search of "Capital Crunch" - Supply Factors Behind the Credit Slowdown in Japan ," IMF Working Papers 99/3, International Monetary Fund. [Downloadable!] McGrattan, Ellen R., 1996." Solving the stochastic growth model with a finite element method ," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control ,Elsevier, vol. 20(1-3), pages 19-42. [Downloadable!] Other versions: Ellen R. McGrattan, 1993." Solving the stochastic growth model with a finite element method ," Staff Report 164, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. [Downloadable!] Bernanke, B. & Gertler, M., 1995." Inside the Black Box: The Credit Channel of Monetary Policy Transmission ," Working Papers 95-15, C.V. Starr Center for Applied Economics, New York University. Other versions: Ben S. Bernanke & Mark Gertler, 1995." Inside the Black Box: The Credit Channel of Monetary Policy Transmission ," NBER Working Papers 5146, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] Bernanke, Ben S & Gertler, Mark, 1995." Inside the Black Box: The Credit Channel of Monetary Policy Transmission ," Journal of Economic Perspectives ,American Economic Association, vol. 9(4), pages 27-48. [Downloadable!] Harold L. Cole & Lee E. Ohanian, 1999." The Great Depression in the United States from a neoclassical perspective ," Quarterly Review ,Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, issue Win, pages 2-24. [Downloadable!] Backus, David K & Kehoe, Patrick J & Kydland, Finn E, 1992." International Real Business Cycles ," Journal of Political Economy ,University of Chicago Press, vol. 100(4), pages 745-75. [Downloadable!] Other versions: David K. Backus & Patrick J. Kehoe & Finn E. Kydland, 1991." International real business cycles ," Staff Report 146, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. [Downloadable!] Nobuhiro Kiyotaki & John Moore, 1995." Credit Cycles ," NBER Working Papers 5083, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] repec:fip:fedmqr:y:1999:i:wint:p:2-24:n:v.23no.1 is not listed on IDEAS anymore repec:nbr:nberre:1794 is not listed on IDEAS anymore Michael D. Bordo & Christopher J. Erceg & Charles N. Evans, 1997." Money, Sticky Wages, and the Great Depression ," NBER Working Papers 6071, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] Fullreferences Statistics Access and download statistics Did you know? About 450 journals are listed on RePEc . This page was last updated on 2005-12-27. This information is provided to you by IDEAS at UConn Economics using RePEc data

purchase property with other

Buying Property Abroad - Property Abroad for Sale Properties Abroad - Buying and Selling Property Abroad - 20:42:59 GMT Home | Contact | About Us | Viewing Properties | Purchase Procedure | Selling? | Work With Us | Resources | Useful Contacts | Exhibitions | Investment & SIPP email us: call us: +44 (0)20 8920 5260 UK local call: 0845 644 7611 Buying a property abroad? Search by Country, Region, Town, Reference or property name... Customise our site to show... Set Currency to -- Browse by Region -- SPAIN TURKEY FRANCE PORTUGAL CYPRUS MOROCCO EGYPT FLORIDA DUBAI -- Pre-release Investment Opportunities Please register your interest with us if you would like to be kept informed of any land or off plan property investment opportunities the moment they arise. Such investments offer rapid high returns. Please provide us with... NAME ADDRESS DAYTIME CONTACT NUMBER EMAIL INVESTMENT BUDGET MAXIMUM pureinvestment@propertiesabroad.com Thank you. Carol Mann Sales director SIPPS - Residential Property and Pensions It is now possible to purchase residential property in both the UK and overseas utilizing a Self Invested Personal Pension (SIPP) as long as completion does not take place before 6th April 2006. This means that your pension can buy property off plan today. The main requirements are as follows: The property must satisfy the lawyers and trustees in respect of due diligence ie the property or development must satisfy the necessary legal requirements such as planning permission, legal title, building licenses etc If let, the property should be managed by a professional letting and/or management company For property located in the UK, the income (rent) received will be free of income tax, and on the future sale of the property there will be no capital gains tax on the profit. For property located overseas, the tax position is yet to be fully clarified, but it is anticipated that there will be an element of income and capital gains tax that cannot be reclaimed if the purchase is overseas and that countrys tax regime dictates that income and capital gains tax is chargeable on investment property. The precise position in relation to taxation will be clarified later this year. Your SIPP will be able to borrow up to 50% of the total fund to assist with a property purchase. However, most trustees will require absolute certainty that the monies will be available in your pension fund at completion. This could be in the form of an unconditional mortgage offer at the time of paying the deposit, or a certainty that you or your company will make a contribution in the next tax year (when contribution limits and subsequent tax relief is greater than in the current tax year). It is also possible for individuals to collectively purchase property with other individuals pension funds. This syndication is straightforward and enables people who have smaller pension funds to pool resources. Some practical points if you dont already have all your funds in the right type of SIPP: You may have several pension schemes with a number of different insurers. Before you can consider a property purchase, you will need to transfer some or all of your pension funds to a SIPP with a company who have confirmed that they will allow you buy residential property now. In order to avoid any delay, and ensure that you buy your chosen property at the best possible price, it is possible for you to pay a reservation fee and initial deposit(s) from your own resources, and the property to be purchased from you, by your pension after April 2006. This will enable you and your adviser time to affect the necessary transfers to the SIPP to ensure that funds are available before completion. You will of course need to ensure that you will have sufficient monies in order to complete the transaction and cover all anticipated costs. Please ask us for further details if required. When the pension purchases the contract from you, this may create a chargeable event (we anticipate that the property will have increased in value between now and next April) and hence you may be liable for capital gains tax. This could be an opportunity for you to realize gains within your annual CGT exemption. For example, a purchase at one of our golf resorts would currently cost approximately £125,000. Assuming that prices increased by 6% between now and April 2006, the market value would be £132,500 and this is the price that the pension would have to pay. This would create a taxable gain of £7,500 which is within the annual exemption and would be tax free (assuming that you have made no other gains in the current tax year). If you purchase the property jointly, you could make gains of up to £17,000 without paying any capital gains tax. This gain could be invested in your pension in the next tax year (as a contribution), and enjoy tax relief. For a basic rate taxpayer, this would gross up to £9,615 and for a higher rate tax payer, £12,500. Hence, by acting now, you could effectively fund around 10% of the purchase price with some simple yet legitimate tax planning. If you have high earnings, paying tax at 40% (and available capital now), rather than paying £125,000 for a property, you could, through pension contributions post April 2006, pay as little as £67,500 for a property purchased today at £125,000 by a combination of the above, and the higher rate relief available on your post A day contribution. This equates to an immediate gain of 54%. You need to accept that the actual structure of the purchase and precise taxation implications have yet to be clarified for overseas property. It is confirmed however, that the purchase can take place, provided the property is deemed by the trustee to be suitable. Syndication We believe that there will be a great demand for collective property purchase, for people who want to combine a sound financial investment with the ability to use a property abroad for occasional personal use, but dont have sufficient funds in their own plans. For an additional fee, you can syndicate with other people to jointly own property and pool your resources. These other people could be family members, friends or colleagues. Because of the charges and other practical implications, we anticipate that this will be available to people who have a minimum fund value of around £25,000. Beneficiaries on death do not have to be the other syndicated owners, but the relevant documentation needs to be in place to deal with things like retirement and death in much the same way as company directors effect a shareholders agreement to clarify these issues. If you would like an information pack on SIPPs please call our office. Global properties Contact us for further information © 2005 Properties Abroad

Buy Home Networking Products

PCWorld.com - How to Buy Home Networking Products ')-- Cameras PCs Laptops Printers Monitors Spyware DVD VoIP IN THIS GUIDE Introduction The Big Picture The Specs Explained Home Networking Shopping Tips RELATED ARTICLES Network Storage for Home and Business First WiMax Products Will Soon Get Nod HP Warns About Flaw in Network Management Product Internet Tips: Access Your Files and Apps From Anywhere for Free Sun's Grid Stumbles See all related items Topics > Internet & Networking > Networking > How to Buy Home Networking Products « Previous 1 2 3 4 Next » Introduction If your home or small office has two or more PCs, you'll be pleasantly surprised by how many problems a network solves. Tired of sharing files by ferrying floppies? Exhausted by battling a spouse or coworker over who gets the new printer or access to a broadband Internet account? These issues go away once your PCs are connected and talking to each other. The Big Picture Learn the benefits and drawbacks of the different types of wired and wireless networks. more The Specs Explained Find out how to make sure a network is fast and secure enough for your needs. more Home Networking Shopping Tips Read our strategies for picking out the best networking technology before you start shopping. more Next page: The Big Picture « Previous 1 2 3 4 Next » Photograph by: Rick Rizner PC World Magazine Get 2 Risk-Free Issues and 15 Free Gifts! Customer Service and Subscriptions Sponsored Info Leading Peripheral Mfg. Announces New Brand - BenQ -- Microsoft's Visual Studio.Net packs powerful productivity wallop -- PCWorld.com Picks and Promotions -- NEW! Super Guide to Photo Editing NEW! Super Guide to PC Protection Free PC World Newsletters Security for Small Business Eliminate PC Annoyances -- Shop Now Online RSS Feeds About Us | Contact Us | Advertise | Corrections | Member Services | Site Map Terms of Service Agreement | ASME Guidelines | Privacy Statement | IDG International IDG NETWORK: CIO Computerworld CSO GamePro GamerHelp Infoworld ITWorld Canada JavaWorld Macworld MikroDatorn Network World PC Advisor PC-Welt PC World Latin America Playlist tecCHANNEL Techworld

Colorado Real Estate

CE Colorado Licensure Information Education, Experience and Exam Requirements Click here for information on the coursework and exam requirements for licensure. Examination Information For information about the real estate broker examination program, including reservation and application processes, click on the following hyperlink: Broker Candidate Bulletin To make an exam reservation click here: PSI website, or call PSI's Candidate Care Center at 1-(800) 733-9267. Procedure For Licensure Step 1: Character In addition to determining competency standards, the Real Estate Commission is authorized by statute to require and procure proof of the truthfulness, honesty and good moral character of any applicant. PRIOR to submitting an application for a license: each applicant shall submit a set of fingerprints to the Colorado Bureau of Investigation for the purpose of conducting a state and national criminal history record check. Click here for more information. Step 2: Education, E xperience and E xamination requirements must be documented prior to filing the appropriate application for licensure. a. Education certificates are furnished by the real estate schools after completion of the course requirements. Official transcripts are required for applicants who qualify based on a degree with a major course of study in real estate from an accredited college or university. b. An exam score report is furnished immediately upon completing the exam. Exam scores will be sent to the DRE electronically and you will not need to include score reports with your application. The real estate license examination is made up of two parts, the general part, and the local (state) part. Applicants for licensure who must receive passing scores on both the general part and the state part of the examination need not receive them on the same administration date. If one part is failed, the applicant may retake it at a subsequent time. In no event will a passing score on either part be accepted beyond one year. c. You must obtain a certificate of license history from each jurisdiction in which you hold or have held a real estate license. If the other license is current (active or inactive), the certificate must be less than 90 days old when you submit your Colorado application. If the other license is expired, the certificate must be dated after the license expiration date. (NOTE: Each state/jurisdiction responds to requests for certification of license history with varying degrees of timeliness. Plan ahead for this so as to avoid delay in submitting your Colorado application. Step 3: Errors and Omissions (E&O) Insurance. You must have E&O insurance in place on your license before it will be issued on active status. Talk to your employing broker, as some have purchased independent E&O policies. If you or your broker use the state-endorsed group policy , the vendor, Rice Insurance Services Company (RISC) will automatically download your coverage into our database. You may enroll in the group policy on-line at www.risceo.com or call them at 1 (800) 637-7319. If you have independent coverage, you must certify coverage to the commission on the form " Certificate of Independent Coverage ". Step 4: Complete the application form . Enclose all required documentation and appropriate application fee. You may deliver or mail the application to the DRE. Don't forget that exam scores are only valid for one year. Processing of your application may take up to six weeks. Initial licenses will be issued for a three-year period expiring on the anniversary date of the issuance. If you have questions on Licensing in Colorado, e-mail us Privacy Statement | Disclaimer Technical Assistance: E -Mail Information Technology Section Revised November 2, 2005 Federal Home Page || State Home Page || Department Home Page Division Home Page || Top of Page E-Mail the Division of Real Estate 1900 Grant Street, Suite 600 Denver, CO 80203 (303) 894-2166 or (303) 894-2185 - Phone (303) 894-2683 - Fax Relay Colorado (TTY (English & Spanish), Voice, VCO, ASCII, STS Assistance Numbers)

Real Estate Listing

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